PMSP for Pest Management Research & Education in Southern Sweetpotato Production Systems

Source

Title PMSP for Pest Management Research & Education in Southern Sweetpotato Production Systems
PDF Document https://ipmdata.ipmcenters.org/documents/pmsps/sesweetpotato.pdf
Source Type Pest Management Strategic Plans
Source Date 04/01/2003
Settings Sweet Potato
Region Southern
States Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina

Executive Summary

Key Pests



PDF

https://ipmdata.ipmcenters.org/documents/pmsps/sesweetpotato.pdf

Settings/Crops

Priorities

Category Rank Pest Type Pest Crop Stage Priority
Extension/Outreach 1 Pathogens 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Enhance grower decision-making and minimize prophylactic insecticide applications and costs
Regulatory 1 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Group 1 pesticides, as identified by EPA, are a high priority for regulatory scrutiny. These are: aldicarb (Temik), carbaryl (Sevin), chlorpyrifos (Lorsban), endosulfan (Thiodan or Phaser), ethoprop (Mocap), methyl parathion (PennCap M), phosmet (Imidan) thiabendazole (Mertect 340-F), dacthal (DCPA).
Regulatory 2 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot The need for SREIC to engage in the IR-4 process to enhance opportunities for testing and registering reduced-risk products in sweetpotatoes.
Regulatory 2 Pathogens 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Increase registration of herbicides for control of key weed species such as Carfentrazone, Sulfentrazine, Halosulfuron, Metolachlor and Dimethanamid.
Research 1 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Major weed species in need of further investigation: nutsedge (purple, yellow, rice flats), pigweed, annual grasses, sicklepod, sesbania, and ground cherry nightshade.
Research 1 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Causal factors associated with insect damage,
Research 2 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Other weed species also worth review include morningglory species, lambsquarters, cocklebur, perennial grasses (Johnson grass, Bermuda grass), s. sandspur, common ragweed, prickly sida.
Research 2 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Insect monitoring and scouting techniques,
Research 3 6- to 12-Inch Shoot The development of reduced risk strategies for weed management. Basic biology of various weeds such as sedges and Palmer amaranth interactions may be critical in reducing root damage.
Research 3 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Interactions between weed populations and insect damage,
Research 4 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Information about causal factors related to the density and diversity of weeds in fields. 1) the interaction between weeds, insects and diseases, 2) crop history, 3) planting date, and 4) soil and moisture conditions.
Research 4 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot The etiology of post-harvest root damage,
Research 5 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Reduced-risk disease management tools,
Research 6 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Techniques for enhancing the health of propagation materials,
Research 7 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Growers’ priority weed problems,
Research 8 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Weed-free periods or density thresholds to minimize herbicide use, and
Research 9 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot New sweetpotato varieties resistant to diseases, insects and weed competition
Research 10 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Research focused on basic pest biology, particularly for pathogens and soil-borne insects. A better understanding of pest life cycles and relationships to potential causal agents such as soil and climate conditions, cropping history, and cultivar selection is necessary to develop basic IPM tools.
Research 10 Pathogens 6- to 12-Inch Shoot At least eight insect pests cause significant yield and quality effects in sweetpotato production. 1) wireworms, 2) white grubs, 3) sweetpotato weevil, 4) sweetpotato flea beetle, 5) cucumber beetle, 6) white fringed beetle, 7) armyworm/cut worm complex, and 8) sugarcane beetle.
Research 11 Pathogens 6- to 12-Inch Shoot There is a lack of effective scouting and monitoring techniques, particularly for soil-borne insects, including wire worms, white grubs and spotted cucumber beetle
Research 12 Pathogens 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Registered pesticides or other control strategies, are not available to manage pests that emerge later in the growing season
Research 13 Pathogens 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Basic pest biology, population dynamics and field conditions necessary to correlate insect damage with causal factors
Research 14 Pathogens 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Viable cultivars with measurable resistance to insect pests
Research 15 Insects 6- to 12-Inch Shoot New, reduced-risk disease management methods is a limited understanding of which pathogens are causing significant loss of yield and quality. 1) the effect of specific pathogens on production, 2) the extent of root damage caused by particular pathogens, and 3) the relationship between specific pathogens and rejected product shipments. Additional knowledge gaps include an inadequate understanding of: 1) how selected pathogens are spread, 2) population dynamics of pathogens and vectors, 3) economic thresholds, particularly for nematodes, 4) buyer practices, including which diseases are present and how much must be present for a shipment to be rejected, and 5) the efficacy of existing materials.
Research 16 Insects 6- to 12-Inch Shoot The lack of information on the yield and quality effects of specific pathogens is particularly acute with viruses and postharvest diseases.
Research 17 Insects 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Alternatives are needed to control post-harvest diseases at this stage.
Research 18 Insects 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Disease transmission is a needed area of research. A better understanding of aphid and whitefly population dynamics would help identify whether it is feasible to reduce reinfection by viruses by controlling aphid and whitefly vectors. Little is known about the spread of the bacterium, E. chrysanthemi (e.g., via fruit flies in storage or by cutting plants).
Research 19 Insects 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Economic thresholds are not developed for most disease problems such as Rhizopus soft rot,

Chemical Controls

Fumigant

Active Ingredient Description Brands CAS PC Pests REI (hrs) PHI (days) RAC
1,3-dichloropropene 542-75-6 29001
methyl bromide (no inert use) 74-83-9 53201

Fungicide

Active Ingredient Description Brands CAS PC Pests REI (hrs) PHI (days) FRAC
chloropicrin 76-06-2 81501
dicloran 99-30-9 31301
ethoprop 13194-48-4 41101
thiabendazole 148-79-8 60101

Herbicide

Active Ingredient Description Brands CAS PC Pests REI (hrs) PHI (days) HRAC
calcium hypochlorite 7778-54-3 14701
clethodim 99129-21-2 121011
clomazone 81777-89-1 125401
dcpa 1861-32-1 78701
eptc 759-94-4 41401
fluazifop 69806-50-4 122805
glyphosate 1071-83-6 417300
napropamide 15299-99-7 103001
sethoxydim 74051-80-2 121001

Insecticide

Active Ingredient Description Brands CAS PC Pests REI (hrs) PHI (days) IRAC
bacillus thuringiensis (bt) 0
bifenthrin 83322-02-5 128825
carbaryl 63-25-2 56801
chlorpyrifos 2921-88-2 59101
endosulfan 115-29-7 79401
imidacloprid 138261-41- 129099
malathion (no inert use) 121-75-5 57701
methoxychlor 72-43-5 34001
methyl parathion 298-00-0 53501
oxamyl 23135-22-0 103801
phosmet 732-11-6 59201
pyrethrins 8003-34-7 69001
spinosad 168316-95- 110003
tebufenozide 112410-23- 129026
thiamethoxam 153719-23- 60109

Nematicide

Active Ingredient Description Brands CAS PC Pests REI (hrs) PHI (days) RAC
aldicarb 116-06-3 98301
metam-sodium 137-42-8 39003

Timelines

Chemicals JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec Comments
1,3-Dichloropropene (Fumigant)
Methyl bromide (NO INERT USE) (Fumigant)
Chloropicrin (Fungicide)
Dicloran (Fungicide)
Ethoprop (Fungicide)
Thiabendazole (Fungicide)
Calcium hypochlorite (Herbicide)
Clethodim (Herbicide)
Clomazone (Herbicide)
DCPA (Herbicide)
EPTC (Herbicide)
Fluazifop (Herbicide)
Glyphosate (Herbicide)
Napropamide (Herbicide)
Sethoxydim (Herbicide)
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) (Insecticide)
Bifenthrin (Insecticide)
Carbaryl (Insecticide)
Chlorpyrifos (Insecticide)
Endosulfan (Insecticide)
Imidacloprid (Insecticide)
Malathion (NO INERT USE) (Insecticide)
Methoxychlor (Insecticide)
Methyl parathion (Insecticide)
Oxamyl (Insecticide)
Phosmet (Insecticide)
Pyrethrins (Insecticide)
Spinosad (Insecticide)
Tebufenozide (Insecticide)
Thiamethoxam (Insecticide)
Aldicarb (Nematicide)
Metam-sodium (Nematicide)