PMSP for California Prune Production

Source

Title	PMSP for California Prune Production
PDF Document	https://ipmdata.ipmcenters.org/documents/pmsps/caprune.pdf
Source Type	Pest Management Strategic Plans
Source Date	04/01/2002
Settings	Plum, Prune
Region	Western
States	California

Executive Summary

PDF

https://ipmdata.ipmcenters.org/documents/pmsps/caprune.pdf

Settings/Crops

Priorities

Category	Rank	Pest Type	Pest	Crop Stage	Priority
Extension/Outreach	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Improve 2-way communication between growers and regulators
Extension/Outreach	1	Insects			Continue to educate growers about “Integrated Prune Farming Practices” (IPFP).
Extension/Outreach	1	Insects		Bed Preparation	Continue to educate growers on monitoring.
Extension/Outreach	1	Nematodes		Bed Preparation	Educate growers on alternatives to methyl bromide and how to use them.
Extension/Outreach	1	Pathogens			Educate growers as to monitoring and thresholds for rust.
Extension/Outreach	1	Pathogens		Bed Preparation	Efficacy and usefulness of copper sprays.
Extension/Outreach	1	Weeds		Bed Preparation	Grower education about mitigating surface runoff reduction.
Extension/Outreach	2	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Continue educating growers on monitoring protocols to determine when and if treatment is necessary
Extension/Outreach	2	Insects		Bed Preparation	Improve communication between regulators and growers (runoff issues etc.).
Extension/Outreach	2	Nematodes		Bed Preparation	Educate registrants on needs for methyl bromide alternatives.
Extension/Outreach	3	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Educate growers about alternative methyl bromide options and how to use them.
Extension/Outreach	3	Weeds		Bed Preparation	Develop materials to counter potential glyphosate resistant rye grass.
Regulatory	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Streamline EUP (crop destruct) i. Allow time-limited tolerances for small scale test plots under federal EUPs and state research authorizations
Regulatory	1	Insects			Retain use of Azinphos-methyl until alternatives are in place.
Regulatory	1	Insects		Bed Preparation	Streamline regulatory reporting and rules.
Regulatory	1	Nematodes			Ease constraints on crop destruction requirements for EUPs and state Research Authorizations.
Regulatory	1	Nematodes			Register alternative to methyl bromide.
Regulatory	1	Nematodes			Ease constraints on crop destruct destruction requirements for EUPs and state research authorizations.
Regulatory	1	Nematodes		Bed Preparation	Maintain adequate certification of nursery stock.
Regulatory	1	Weeds			Evaluate off-target drift potential and effects on prunes of new registrations for crops other than prunes.
Regulatory	1	Weeds			More reasonable PHI’s (e.g. Glyphosate from 21 days to 3 days).
Regulatory	1	Weeds		Bed Preparation	Oxyfluorfen as a suspected B2 carcinogen.
Regulatory	2	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Rapid registration of a “soft” aphicide once research is complete.
Regulatory	2	Nematodes		Bed Preparation	Equitable allocation/distribution of Telone.
Regulatory	2	Weeds			Reduce PHI for 2,4-D from 60 days.
Regulatory	3	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Streamline regulatory reporting and rules
Regulatory	4	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Register alternative to methyl bromide
Regulatory	5	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Reasonable PHIs for pesticides
Regulatory	6	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Equitable distribution of Telone cap
Regulatory	7	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Regulators evaluate possible off target effects on prunes of new registrations.
Research	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Aphid research: Thresholds, Soft materials, Biological controls,, Pheromones
Research	1	Insects			Economic thresholds for treatment.
Research	1	Insects			Better economic thresholds and monitoring techniques.
Research	1	Insects			Aphid defoliation studies.
Research	1	Insects		Bed Preparation	Cover crops to mitigate off-site movement of pesticides.
Research	1	Nematodes			New techniques to rapidly test new control strategies.
Research	1	Nematodes			New techniques to rapidly test new control strategies.
Research	1	Nematodes			Soil microbiology interactions with nematodes.
Research	1	Nematodes		Bed Preparation	Soil biology interactions with nematodes.
Research	1	Pathogens			Brown rot detection methods and treatment thresholds.
Research	1	Pathogens			Resistance management.
Research	1	Pathogens			Alternatives to methyl bromide.
Research	1	Pathogens		Bed Preparation	Bacterial canker control measures.
Research	1	Weeds			Alternatives to currently registered chemical options.
Research	1	Weeds			Alternatives to chemical weed control (e.g. flaming).
Research	1	Weeds			Mitigate surface runoff.
Research	1	Weeds		Bed Preparation	Alternatives to oxyfluorfen.
Research	2	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Economic thresholds for all prune pests: Monitoring protocols
Research	2	Insects			Mating disruption for aphids.
Research	2	Insects			Alternatives to OPs.
Research	2	Insects		Bed Preparation	Biology of Peach Twig Borer and aphids.
Research	2	Nematodes			More cost effective control strategies.
Research	2	Nematodes			More cost effective control strategies.
Research	2	Nematodes		Bed Preparation	Methyl bromide alternatives.
Research	2	Pathogens			Tree vigor and disease management.
Research	2	Pathogens			Monitoring techniques.
Research	2	Pathogens			Copper efficacy against bacterial canker.
Research	2	Pathogens		Bed Preparation	Efficacy of copper sprays.
Research	2	Weeds			Off-site drift mitigation.
Research	2	Weeds			Alternatives to chemical weed control.
Research	2	Weeds		Bed Preparation	Develop materials for Fleabane and Horseweed control.
Research	3	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Soft technologies for pest control: Breeding for pest resistance
Research	3	Insects			New parasites for aphids.
Research	3	Insects			Cost effective way to track grower lots through processing (for insecticides/acaricides used for specific markets).
Research	3	Insects		Bed Preparation	Reduced risk replacements for all materials except oils.
Research	3	Nematodes			Alternative control measures for nematodes
Research	3	Nematodes		Bed Preparation	Resistant rootstocks.
Research	3	Pathogens			Economic thresholds.
Research	3	Pathogens			New product efficacy against bacterial canker.
Research	3	Pathogens		Bed Preparation	Resistant rootstock research.
Research	3	Weeds			Cover crops for weed control.
Research	3	Weeds			Research efficacy and economics of corn gluten on weed control and its potential for surface and ground water pollution due to excessive N coincidently applied.
Research	4	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Methyl bromide alternatives
Research	4	Insects		Bed Preparation	Organic approved materials and methods of control.
Research	4	Nematodes		Bed Preparation	Post-plant controls (chemical, cultural, and biological).
Research	4	Pathogens			Models.
Research	4	Weeds		Bed Preparation	Develop materials to control and confine legumes planted as cover crops
Research	5	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Bacterial canker/ring nematodes: Understanding the disease and how to control it, Developing post plant controls for nematodes/bacterial canker
Research	5	Insects		Bed Preparation	Threshold action levels for these pests during the dormant period.
Research	5	Pathogens			Breeding for disease resistance.
Research	6	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Relationship between plant disease and nutrition
Research	6	Insects		Bed Preparation	Efficacy of reduced rates of materials.
Research	6	Pathogens			Nutrition influence on disease development.
Research	7	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Soil microbiology

Chemical Controls

Fumigant

Active Ingredient	Description	Brands	CAS	PC	Pests	REI (hrs)	PHI (days)	RAC
dazomet			533-74-4	35602
methyl bromide (no inert use)			74-83-9	53201
oxythioquinox			2439-01-2	54101
sodium tetrathiocarbonate			7345-69-9	128904

Fungicide

Active Ingredient	Description	Brands	CAS	PC	Pests	REI (hrs)	PHI (days)	FRAC
agrobacterium radiobacter (strain k84)			Unknown	114201
ampelomyces quisqualis isolate m-10			Unknown	21007
azoxystrobin			131860-33-	128810
basic copper sulfate			8011-63-0	8101
bravo			1897-45-6	81901
captan			133-06-2	81301
caustic potash			1310-58-3	75602
chloropicrin			76-06-2	81501
cinnamaldehyde			104-55-2	40506
copper count n			33113-08-5	22703
copper hydroxide			20427-59-2	23401
copper oxide (cu2o)			1317-39-1	25601
copper oxychloride			1332-40-7	8001
copper oxychloride sulfate			8012-69-9	23503
cyprodinil			121552-61-	288202
fenbuconazole			119611-00-	129011
fludioxonil			131341-86-	71503
fosetyl-al			39148-24-8	123301
gallex				0
iprodione			36734-19-7	109801
mefenoxam			70630-17-0	113502
myclobutanil			88671-89-0	128857
propiconazole			60207-90-1	122101
sulfur			7704-34-9	77501
thiophanate-methyl			23564-05-8	102001

Herbicide

Active Ingredient	Description	Brands	CAS	PC	Pests	REI (hrs)	PHI (days)	HRAC
checkmate			74051-80-2	121001

Insecticide

Active Ingredient	Description	Brands	CAS	PC	Pests	REI (hrs)	PHI (days)	IRAC
azinphos-methyl			86-50-0	58001
bacillus thuringiensis (berliner)			68038-71-1	6400
carbaryl			63-25-2	56801
chlorpyrifos			2921-88-2	59101
diatomaceous earth			61790-53-2	72605
diazinon			59928-80-2	57801
dicofol			115-32-2	10501
endosulfan			115-29-7	79401
esfenvalerate			66323-04-4	109303
fenbutatin-oxide			13556-08-6	104601
formetanate hydrochloride			23422-53-9	97301
imidacloprid			138261-41-	129099
isomate c			33956-49-9	129028
kaolin clay			1332-58-7	100104
methidathion			950-37-8	100301
methoxyfenozide			161050-58-	121027
neem seed oil			8002-65-1	25006
oxydemeton-methyl			301-12-2	58702
phosmet			732-11-6	59201
piperonyl butoxide			51-03-6	67501
propargite			2312-35-8	97601
pymetrozine			123312-89-	101103
pyrethrins			8003-34-7	69001
pyridaben			96489-71-3	129105
rotenone			83-79-4	71003
soap			90990-14-0	79009
spinosad			168316-95-	110003
tebufenozide			112410-23-	129026
thiacloprid			111988-49-	14019
thiamethoxam			153719-23-	60109

Miticide

Active Ingredient	Description	Brands	CAS	PC	Pests	REI (hrs)	PHI (days)	RAC
clofentezine			74115-24-5	125501
hexythiazox			78587-05-0	128849

Nematicide

Active Ingredient	Description	Brands	CAS	PC	Pests	REI (hrs)	PHI (days)	RAC
abamectin			71751-41-2	122804
azadirachtin			108168-76-	121701
dried fermentation solids & solubles of myrothecium verrucaria			Unknown	119204
vapam			137-42-8	39003

Timelines