| Title | PMSP for Washington State Wine Grapes |
| PDF Document | https://ipmdata.ipmcenters.org/documents/pmsps/WA_WineGrape_PMSP_2014.pdf |
| Source Type | Pest Management Strategic Plans |
| Source Date | 09/08/2014 |
| Settings | Grape, Grape, Wine |
| Region | Western |
| States | Washington |
| Category | Rank | Pest Type | Pest | Crop Stage | Priority |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Extension/Outreach | 1 | All | 6- to 12-Inch Shoot | Develop scouting field guide for all pests, including identification, timing, and links to Web-based information. | |
| Extension/Outreach | 1 | Insects | Communicate importance of clean, insect-free planting material. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 1 | Insects | Educate growers on monitoring for and conserving populations of Anagrus wasp spp., lacewings, and other enemies. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 1 | Insects | Develop decision tree on encouraging predators and understanding thresholds of beneficials prior to applying chemical controls. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 1 | Nematodes | Communicate timing of green manure incorporation to growers. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 1 | Nematodes | Ensure that methyl iodide (Iodomethane) registrant and EPA understand the tarping issue with respect to Washington. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 1 | Nematodes | Communicate timing of green manure incorporation to growers. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 1 | Nematodes | Communicate timing of green manure incorporation to growers. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 1 | Pathogens | Emphasize to growers the importance of avoiding vine injury during harvest. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 1 | Pathogens | Provide information to growers regarding lime sulfur research results. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 1 | Pathogens | Share new powdery mildew model with growers. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 1 | Pathogens | Share new powdery mildew model with growers. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 1 | Pathogens | Communicate efficacy of hot-water treatment on planting material. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 1 | Weeds | Teach proper calibration of spray equipment. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 1 | Weeds | Emphasize importance of controlling field bindweed and Bermudagrass early in the season to avoid problems during this crop stage. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 1 | Weeds | Educate growers on symptoms of herbicide damage on grapes. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 1 | Weeds | Emphasize importance of controlling field bindweed and Bermudagrass early in the season to avoid problems during this crop stage. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 1 | Wildlife | Educate growers as to methods for encouraging avian predators for both bird and rodent management. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 1 | Wildlife | Explain benefits of and techniques for creating predator habitat (owls, hawks). | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 2 | All | 6- to 12-Inch Shoot | Explain thresholds and how they relate to choice of pest control methods. | |
| Extension/Outreach | 2 | Insects | Emphasize sanitation of materials and equipment. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 2 | Insects | Educate growers on barrier spray technique for increased efficacy and reduced chemical inputs. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 2 | Nematodes | Communicate timing of soil sampling for nematodes to growers. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 2 | Nematodes | Communicate timing of soil sampling for nematodes to growers. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 2 | Nematodes | Communicate timing of soil sampling for nematodes to growers. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 2 | Pathogens | Explain timing of leaf removal relative to bunch rot development. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 2 | Pathogens | Explain that predictive models must be applied in site-specific manner. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 2 | Pathogens | Explain that predictive models must be applied in site-specific manner. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 2 | Pathogens | Provide information on salmon-bearing streams and buffers to enable “List of 54” compliance. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 2 | Weeds | Provide information on salmon-bearing streams and buffers to enable “List of 54” compliance. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 2 | Weeds | Encourage participation in WSU/WSDA leaf index reporting project. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 3 | All | 6- to 12-Inch Shoot | Emphasize importance of certified planting material and proper importation protocols. | |
| Extension/Outreach | 3 | Insects | Provide information on salmon-bearing streams and buffers to enable “List of 54” compliance. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 3 | Insects | Educate growers on conserving and encouraging predatory mites such as Galendromus occidentalis in the vineyard. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 3 | Pathogens | Share California bunch rot model with growers now that it has been validated. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 3 | Pathogens | Share California bunch rot model with growers now that it has been validated. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 3 | Pathogens | Educate growers on the perils of importing contaminated soil on grapevines and items such as grape stakes. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 3 | Weeds | Emphasize proper timing of control application. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 3 | Weeds | Integrate use of broadleaf foliage-applied herbicides in cover crops. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 3 | Wildlife | Educate growers as to methods for encouraging avian predators for both bird and rodent management. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 4 | All | 6- to 12-Inch Shoot | Teach systems approach to pest management. | |
| Extension/Outreach | 4 | Insects | Produce field guide on scouting. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 4 | Pathogens | Explain resistance management issues associated with below-label-rate applications. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 4 | Pathogens | Emphasize importance of using certified planting material. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 4 | Pathogens | Explain resistance management issues associated with below-label-rate applications. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 5 | All | 6- to 12-Inch Shoot | Explain use of predictive models for disease management. | |
| Extension/Outreach | 5 | Pathogens | Pitfalls/advisability of grafting different varieties onto existing plants. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 5 | Pathogens | Help growers understand products and techniques that don’t work. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 5 | Pathogens | Help growers understand products and techniques that don’t work. | ||
| Extension/Outreach | 6 | All | 6- to 12-Inch Shoot | Instruct growers on identifying and reporting off-target herbicide spray drift from other crops onto grapes. | |
| Extension/Outreach | 7 | All | 6- to 12-Inch Shoot | Emphasize importance of sanitation (equipment, plants, workers, etc.) for prevention of pests in the field. | |
| Regulatory | 1 | All | 6- to 12-Inch Shoot | Address quarantine issues, including: o Phylloxera quarantine, need new surveys (WSDA); o Virus quarantines, need new surveys (WSDA); o Vine mealybug inclusion in current quarantine descrip | |
| Regulatory | 1 | Insects | Maintain quarantine on phylloxera. | ||
| Regulatory | 1 | Insects | Approve more products for barrier treatments, such as zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang Max). | ||
| Regulatory | 1 | Insects | Expedite registration of dimethoate replacement for thrips management. | ||
| Regulatory | 1 | Insects | Expedite registration of yellowjacket traps. | ||
| Regulatory | 1 | Pathogens | Register cyprodinil + fludioxonil (Switch) on wine grapes. | ||
| Regulatory | 1 | Pathogens | Obtain Washington registration for thiophanate methyl (Topsin) as a wound protectant against Eutypa dieback. This type of application (directed spray or painted on) is not on the current Washington label for the product. California has a Section 18 enabling this use. | ||
| Regulatory | 1 | Pathogens | Register cyprodinil + fludioxonil (Switch) on wine grapes. | ||
| Regulatory | 1 | Pathogens | Regulate importation of plant material (including ornamental) and other possibly contaminated materials and equipment. | ||
| Regulatory | 1 | Weeds | Retain registration for trifluralin (Treflan), oxyfluorfen (Goal), and oryzalin (Surflan). | ||
| Regulatory | 1 | Weeds | Retain registration for trifluralin (Treflan), oryzalin (Surflan), oxyfluorfen (Goal), and pendemethalin (Prowl). | ||
| Regulatory | 1 | Weeds | Expedite registration of flumioxazin (Chateau). | ||
| Regulatory | 1 | Wildlife | Seek starling and robin control funding. | ||
| Regulatory | 1 | Wildlife | Investigate programs for government cost sharing of fencing and similar controls. | ||
| Regulatory | 1 | Wildlife | Seek starling and robin control funding. | ||
| Regulatory | 2 | All | 6- to 12-Inch Shoot | Register flumioxazin (Chateau), zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang Max), lambdacyhalothrin (Warrior), cyprodinil + fludioxynil (Switch). | |
| Regulatory | 2 | Insects | Add vine mealybug to quarantine list. | ||
| Regulatory | 2 | Insects | Assure addition of mealybug to buprofezin (Applaud 70WP) label. | ||
| Regulatory | 2 | Insects | Re-evaluate REIs and PHIs with respect to Washington production conditions. | ||
| Regulatory | 2 | Insects | Re-evaluate REIs with respect to Washington production conditions. | ||
| Regulatory | 2 | Pathogens | Retain a range of fungicides for resistance management. | ||
| Regulatory | 2 | Pathogens | Retain a range of fungicides for resistance management. | ||
| Regulatory | 2 | Pathogens | Finalize registration of methyl iodide (Iodomethane) as fumigant alternative to methyl bromide. | ||
| Regulatory | 2 | Weeds | Expedite EPA review of “List of 54.” | ||
| Regulatory | 2 | Weeds | Add sucker control use to Section 3 oxyfluorfen (Goal) label. | ||
| Regulatory | 2 | Wildlife | Declassify robins as a protected species. | ||
| Regulatory | 2 | Wildlife | Declassify robins as a protected species. | ||
| Regulatory | 3 | All | 6- to 12-Inch Shoot | Add wound-protectant use against Eutypa dieback to the thiophanate methyl (Topsin) label. | |
| Regulatory | 3 | Insects | Register diflubenzuron (Dimilin) for barrier treatment for control of crickets and grasshoppers. | ||
| Regulatory | 4 | All | 6- to 12-Inch Shoot | Expedite “List of 54” review (EPA). | |
| Regulatory | 4 | Weeds | Regulate drift to reduce off-target movement of herbicides and PGRs from other crops onto wine grape vineyards. | ||
| Regulatory | 5 | All | 6- to 12-Inch Shoot | Increase enforcement efforts at home & garden centers for grapes/ornamentals (WSDA). | |
| Research | 1 | All | 6- to 12-Inch Shoot | Determine virus-vector relationships. | |
| Research | 1 | Insects | Determine phylloxera/rootstock relationships. | ||
| Research | 1 | Insects | Research potential for mealybug destroyer ladybeetle (Cryptolaemus montrouzieri) as a biocontrol agent for grape mealybug. | ||
| Research | 1 | Insects | Find product(s) to replace dimethoate for thrips management. | ||
| Research | 1 | Insects | Find product(s) to replace dimethoate for thrips management. | ||
| Research | 1 | Nematodes | Continue research on Dominator, LCF, and sodium tetrathiocarbonate (Enzone) to determine most effective rates. | ||
| Research | 1 | Nematodes | Continue research on Dominator, LCF, and sodium tetrathiocarbonate (Enzone) to determine most effective rates. | ||
| Research | 1 | Nematodes | Continue research on Dominator, LCF, and sodium tetrathiocarbonate (Enzone) to determine most effective rates. | ||
| Research | 1 | Nematodes | Explore nematode suppression effects of isothiocyanate release from plowing mustards and/or cole crops into the soil. | ||
| Research | 1 | Pathogens | Determine green manure impacts on disease control. | ||
| Research | 1 | Pathogens | Refine predictive models for powdery mildew (fruit susceptibility) and bunch rot. | ||
| Research | 1 | Pathogens | Study control of bunch rot at bloom vs. later. | ||
| Research | 1 | Pathogens | Find new materials for Eutypa control. | ||
| Research | 1 | Pathogens | Refine predictive models for powdery mildew (fruit susceptibility) and bunch rot. | ||
| Research | 1 | Weeds | Find new material for control of field bindweed and Bermudagrass. | ||
| Research | 1 | Weeds | Find effective Bermudagrass and field bindweed control. | ||
| Research | 1 | Weeds | Find new material for control of field bindweed and Bermudagrass. | ||
| Research | 1 | Weeds | Research alternatives to trifluralin (Treflan), oxyfluorfen (Goal), and oryzalin (Surflan), all threatened by regulatory action. | ||
| Research | 1 | Weeds | Research alternatives for trifluralin (Treflan), oryzalin (Surflan), oxyfluorfen (Goal), and pendemethalin (Prowl), all threatened by regulatory actions. | ||
| Research | 1 | Wildlife | Find effective means of bird pest management. | ||
| Research | 1 | Wildlife | Find effective means of bird pest management. | ||
| Research | 1 | Wildlife | Find effective vertebrate repellant materials and/or tactics. | ||
| Research | 2 | All | 6- to 12-Inch Shoot | Refine disease modeling, including powdery mildew and botrytis bunch rot. | |
| Research | 2 | Insects | Research cover crop impacts on beneficials. | ||
| Research | 2 | Insects | Research ground cover influence on thrips and cutworms. | ||
| Research | 2 | Insects | Develop economic thresholds for insect/mite pests. | ||
| Research | 2 | Insects | Find replacement for malathion on vinegar fly. | ||
| Research | 2 | Nematodes | Continue work on green manures, including new mustard varieties. | ||
| Research | 2 | Nematodes | Continue work on green manures, including new mustard varieties. | ||
| Research | 2 | Nematodes | Continue work on green manures, including new mustard varieties. | ||
| Research | 2 | Nematodes | Find a fumigant as effective as 1,3-dichloropropene (Telone) that is environmentally sound and economical. | ||
| Research | 2 | Pathogens | Investigate combination of fumigant/green manure to reduce disease. | ||
| Research | 2 | Pathogens | Study resistance management issues associated with below-label-rate applications. | ||
| Research | 2 | Pathogens | Research relationship of bunch rot and powdery mildew to development of sour rot later in the season. | ||
| Research | 2 | Pathogens | Find post-harvest eradicant for (overwintering) powdery mildew. | ||
| Research | 2 | Pathogens | Study resistance management issues associated with below-label-rate applications. | ||
| Research | 2 | Weeds | Investigate marestail resistance to Roundup; investigate possible alternative control(s). | ||
| Research | 2 | Weeds | Investigate marestail resistance to Roundup; investigate possible alternative control(s). | ||
| Research | 2 | Weeds | Determine best use of organic herbicides such as pine oil, pelargonic acid (Scythe), acetic acid, citric acid. | ||
| Research | 2 | Weeds | Find effective methods for controlling Bermudagrass, field bindweed, and nutsedge; no currently registered controls work. | ||
| Research | 3 | All | 6- to 12-Inch Shoot | Study cover crop management and IPM impacts on all pests. | |
| Research | 3 | Insects | Find more effective treatment for removing insects from planting materials. | ||
| Research | 3 | Insects | Research ground cover influence on Anagrus spp. and other natural enemies. | ||
| Research | 3 | Insects | Evaluate potential of various scales to serve as disease vectors. | ||
| Research | 3 | Insects | Find attract-and-kill yellowjacket control. | ||
| Research | 3 | Nematodes | Research trap crops such as arugula. | ||
| Research | 3 | Nematodes | Research trap crops such as arugula | ||
| Research | 3 | Nematodes | Research trap crops such as arugula. | ||
| Research | 3 | Nematodes | Research effects of combining fumigants with cover crops and/or mulches. | ||
| Research | 3 | Pathogens | Investigate biocontrol for crown gall. | ||
| Research | 3 | Pathogens | Research cultivar resistance to bunch rot. | ||
| Research | 3 | Pathogens | Investigate spore detection technology; predictive model works only if disease is present. | ||
| Research | 3 | Weeds | Encourage a bearing vine label for pendemethalin (Prowl). | ||
| Research | 3 | Weeds | Study weed biocontrol, e.g., survival rates of puncturevine weevil. | ||
| Research | 3 | Weeds | Study weed biocontrol, e.g., survival rates of puncturevine weevil. | ||
| Research | 3 | Weeds | Investigate cover crops as part of integrated weed management. | ||
| Research | 3 | Weeds | Research effective methods for controlling Bermudagrass, field bindweed, and nutsedge; no currently registered controls are effective. | ||
| Research | 4 | All | 6- to 12-Inch Shoot | Develop economic thresholds for insects, mites, and nematodes. | |
| Research | 4 | Insects | Find new control for thrips and/or early season management strategy for thrips. | ||
| Research | 4 | Insects | Develop economic thresholds for all insects and mites. | ||
| Research | 4 | Nematodes | Research oxamyl (Vydate) residues needed. | ||
| Research | 4 | Nematodes | Research oxamyl (Vydate) residues needed. | ||
| Research | 4 | Nematodes | Research oxamyl (Vydate) residues needed. | ||
| Research | 4 | Nematodes | Research effects of combining cover crops with mulches. | ||
| Research | 4 | Pathogens | Investigate spore detection technology; predictive model works only if disease is present. | ||
| Research | 4 | Weeds | Explore new spray nozzle technology. | ||
| Research | 5 | All | 6- to 12-Inch Shoot | Develop control/management strategies for thrips. | |
| Research | 5 | Nematodes | Investigate and establish economic thresholds appropriate for Washington (California’s don’t apply). | ||
| Research | 6 | All | 6- to 12-Inch Shoot | Research use of green manures/cover crops for management of nematodes and soilborne insects. | |
| Research | 6 | Nematodes | Study multiple nematode species interaction: how does presence of more than one species affect control? | ||
| Research | 7 | All | 6- to 12-Inch Shoot | Conduct phylloxera rootstock trials and industry surveys on pest prevalence. | |
| Research | 7 | Nematodes | Investigate rootstock/varietal interaction and transmittal of viruses through nematode-resistant rootstocks. | ||
| Research | 8 | Nematodes | Find out whether water seal is sufficient for methyl iodide (Iodomethane) fumigation as opposed to cost-prohibitive tarping. | ||
| Research | 9 | Nematodes | Research organic nematicides (e.g., Myrothecium verrucaria , a.k.a. DiTera). | ||
| Research | 10 | Nematodes | Investigate efficacy of nematicide applications at planting. | ||
| Research | 11 | Nematodes | Explore alternate application methods of currently registered fumigants in order to increase efficacy. |
Disclaimer: The active ingredients and efficacy ratings in this report are not recommendations. The information in this report was provided by the workshop participants as a cross-section of grower practices at that time. Please refer to the pesticide labels for recommendations.
| Pest | Rank | Description | Symptoms | Chemical Control | Biological Control | Physical Control | Cultural Control |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Black vine weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus) | |||||||
| Dothiorella cankers (Dothiorella spp.) | |||||||
| Grape mealybug (Pseudococcus maritimus) | |||||||
| Hornworm/lepidtopt. ( ) | |||||||
| Leafhoppters | |||||||
| Lecanium scale (Lecanium spp.) | |||||||
| Nuisance pests (vinegar & fruit fly, yellowjacket) ( ) | |||||||
| Phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae) | |||||||
| Scales ( ) | |||||||
| Small vinegar fly (Drosophila spp.) | |||||||
| Thrips ( ) | |||||||
| Vinegar fly (Scaptomyza spp.) | |||||||
| Yellowjacket (Vespula spp.) |
| Pest | Rank | Description | Symptoms | Chemical Control | Biological Control | Physical Control | Cultural Control |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crown gall ( ) | |||||||
| Eutypa dieback (Eutypa lata) | |||||||
| Grapevine leafroll ( ) | |||||||
| Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (Ampelovirus GLRaV-1) | |||||||
| Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (Closterovirus GLRaV-2) | |||||||
| Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (Ampelovirus GLRaV-3) | |||||||
| Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4 (Closterovirus GLRaV-4) | |||||||
| Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 5 (Ampelovirus GLRaV-5) | |||||||
| Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) | |||||||
| Nematode-vectored viruses ( ) | |||||||
| Powdery mildews (family erysiphaceae) ( ) | |||||||
| Rugose wood complex |
| Pest | Rank | Description | Symptoms | Chemical Control | Biological Control | Physical Control | Cultural Control |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) | |||||||
| Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) | |||||||
| Bristlegrass (Setaria spp.) | |||||||
| Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) | |||||||
| Canadian horseweed (Erigeron canadensis) | |||||||
| Common mallow (Malva neglecta) | |||||||
| Fiddleneck tarweed ( ) | |||||||
| Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) | |||||||
| Foxtail (Alopecurus spp.) | |||||||
| Green foxtail (Setaria viridis) | |||||||
| Horsetail (equisetum) (Equisetum spp.) | |||||||
| Knapweed ( ) | |||||||
| Knotweed (Polygonum spp.) | |||||||
| Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) | |||||||
| Mexican fireweed (Bassia scoparia) | |||||||
| Mustard (Brassica spp.) | |||||||
| Nightshade ( ) | |||||||
| Prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola) | |||||||
| Puncturevine (Tribulus terrestris) | |||||||
| Redstem fillaree (Erodium cicutarium) | |||||||
| Russian thistle (Salsola tragus) | |||||||
| Sandbur (Cenchrus spp.) | |||||||
| Yellow foxtail (Setaria pumila) |
| Pest | Rank | Description | Symptoms | Chemical Control | Biological Control | Physical Control | Cultural Control |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) | |||||||
| Dagger nematode (Xiphinema spp.) | |||||||
| Ring nematodes (Criconemella spp.) | |||||||
| Root knot nematode ( ) | |||||||
| Root lesion nematode ( ) |
| Pest | Rank | Description | Symptoms | Chemical Control | Biological Control | Physical Control | Cultural Control |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mcdaniel spider mite (Tetranychus mcdanieli) | |||||||
| Mites | |||||||
| Twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) |
| Pest | Rank | Description | Symptoms | Chemical Control | Biological Control | Physical Control | Cultural Control |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| American robin (Turdus migratorius) | |||||||
| Birds | |||||||
| Black-billed magpie (Pica hudsonia) | |||||||
| Coyote (Canis latrans) | |||||||
| Deer, elk, rabbits ( ) | |||||||
| Rodents | |||||||
| Starling |
| Active Ingredient | Description | Brands | CAS | PC | Pests | REI (hrs) | PHI (days) | RAC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sodium tetrathiocarbonate | 7345-69-9 | 128904 | ||||||
| telone ii | 542-75-6 | 29001 |
| Active Ingredient | Description | Brands | CAS | PC | Pests | REI (hrs) | PHI (days) | FRAC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| iprodione | 36734-19-7 | 109801 | ||||||
| thiophanate-methyl | 23564-05-8 | 102001 |
| Active Ingredient | Description | Brands | CAS | PC | Pests | REI (hrs) | PHI (days) | HRAC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| clethodim | 99129-21-2 | 121011 | ||||||
| diuron | 330-54-1 | 35505 | ||||||
| fluazifop | 69806-50-4 | 122805 | ||||||
| glyphosate | 1071-83-6 | 417300 | ||||||
| norflurazon | 27314-13-2 | 105801 | ||||||
| oxyfluorfen | 42874-03-3 | 111601 | ||||||
| paraquat | 4685-14-7 | 61603 | ||||||
| pendimethalin | 40487-42-1 | 108501 | ||||||
| pronamide | 23950-58-5 | 101701 | ||||||
| sethoxydim | 74051-80-2 | 121001 | ||||||
| simazine | 39312-80-6 | 80807 | ||||||
| trifluralin | 1582-09-8 | 36101 |
| Active Ingredient | Description | Brands | CAS | PC | Pests | REI (hrs) | PHI (days) | IRAC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| acetamiprid | 135410-20- | 99050 | ||||||
| buprofezin | 69327-76-0 | 275100 | ||||||
| carbaryl | 63-25-2 | 56801 | ||||||
| chlorpyrifos | 2921-88-2 | 59101 | ||||||
| diazinon | 59928-80-2 | 57801 | ||||||
| dicofol | 115-32-2 | 10501 | ||||||
| dimethoate | 60-51-5 | 35001 | ||||||
| endosulfan | 115-29-7 | 79401 | ||||||
| fenpropathrin | 39515-41-8 | 127901 | ||||||
| imidacloprid | 138261-41- | 129099 | ||||||
| kaolin clay | 1332-58-7 | 100104 | ||||||
| lambda-cyhalothrin | 91465-08-6 | 128897 | ||||||
| malathion (no inert use) | 121-75-5 | 57701 | ||||||
| methomyl | 27519-02-4 | 90301 | ||||||
| omite | 2312-35-8 | 97601 | ||||||
| phosmet | 732-11-6 | 59201 | ||||||
| potassium laurate | 67701-09-1 | 79021 | ||||||
| spinosad | 168316-95- | 110003 | ||||||
| tebufenozide | 112410-23- | 129026 | ||||||
| thiamethoxam | 153719-23- | 60109 | ||||||
| vendex | 13556-08-6 | 104601 | ||||||
| zeta-cypermethrin | Unknown | 129064 |
| Active Ingredient | Description | Brands | CAS | PC | Pests | REI (hrs) | PHI (days) | RAC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| bifenazate | 149877-41- | 586 |
| Active Ingredient | Description | Brands | CAS | PC | Pests | REI (hrs) | PHI (days) | RAC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| abamectin | 71751-41-2 | 122804 |
Disclaimer: The active ingredients and efficacy ratings in this report are not recommendations. The information in this report was provided by the workshop participants as a cross-section of grower practices at that time. Please refer to the pesticide labels for recommendations.
| Pest | Active Ingredient | PC Code | CAS | Rating | Description/Comments/Resistance Issues |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barnyardgrass | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Barnyardgrass | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Good, 80-90% | Non-bearing only. |
| Barnyardgrass | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Barnyardgrass | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Barnyardgrass | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Barnyardgrass | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Barnyardgrass | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Barnyardgrass | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Barnyardgrass | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Barnyardgrass | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Barnyardgrass | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | not registered and/or not effective | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Barnyardgrass | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Barnyardgrass | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Good, 80-90% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Barnyardgrass | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Barnyardgrass | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Barnyardgrass | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Barnyardgrass | Tillage | ||||
| Barnyardgrass | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Bermudagrass | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Extreme plant injury potential. |
| Bermudagrass | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Non-bearing only |
| Bermudagrass | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils. |
| Bermudagrass | Diquat dibromide | 32201 | 85-00-7 | Poor to Fair | Foliar treatment. Fair to good burndown of bemudagrass,but they grow back. |
| Bermudagrass | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Bermudagrass | Flaming | air quality concerns. | |||
| Bermudagrass | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | No data, but suspected of being efficacious | Most growers report poor efficacy across the board; some researchshows good efficacy onBermudagrass. Non-bearing only |
| Bermudagrass | flumioxazin | 129034 | 141490-50-8 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Bermudagrass | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Foliar treatment. |
| Bermudagrass | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinkleri-irrigated areas. |
| Bermudagrass | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; not for sand or gavel soils |
| Bermudagrass | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation. |
| Bermudagrass | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; can apply pre-or post emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Bermudagrass | Paraquat | 61603 | 4685-14-7 | Poor to Fair | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Bermudagrass | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Bermudagrass | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; |
| Bermudagrass | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor to Fair | Fair to good burndown of Bermudagrass but it grows back. |
| Bermudagrass | site selection & preparation | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Bermudagrass | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant. |
| Birds | Avian Predators | Growers encourage nesting sites within the vineyard | |||
| Birds | Netting | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Expensive | ||
| Birds | Scare devices | Fair, 60-80% | Need more options | ||
| Birds | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | |||
| Black vine weevil | Cultivation | Effective on black vine weevil in bud swell through bloom stage. | |||
| Black vine weevil | Fenpropathrin | 127901 | 39515-41-8 | Good, 80-90% | Effective against vine weevilas a foliar spray, but this use is discouraged due to disruption. |
| Canada thistle | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Canada thistle | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils. |
| Canada thistle | Diquat dibromide | 32201 | 85-00-7 | Poor to Fair | Foliar treatment. Fair to good burndown of Canada thistle, but they grow back. |
| Canada thistle | Flaming | air quality concerns. | |||
| Canada thistle | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Most growers report poor efficacy across the board; some researchshows good efficacy onBermudagrass. Non-bearing only |
| Canada thistle | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Foliar treatment. |
| Canada thistle | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinkler-irrigated areas. |
| Canada thistle | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; not for sand or gavel soils |
| Canada thistle | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation. |
| Canada thistle | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor to Fair | Soil active; can apply pre-or post emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Canada thistle | Paraquat | 61603 | 4685-14-7 | Poor to Fair | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Canada thistle | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Canada thistle | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; |
| Canada thistle | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Canada thistle | site selection & preparation | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Canada thistle | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant. |
| Citrus nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Pre-plant. Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious |
| Citrus nematode | Chloropicrin + 1,3-Dichloropropene | Experiments underway in California | |||
| Citrus nematode | Dominator | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Citrus nematode | Fenamiphos | 100601 | 22224-92-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Registration revoked in 2007. |
| Citrus nematode | Green manures | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |||
| Citrus nematode | Isothiocyanate cover crops | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Research underway | ||
| Citrus nematode | LCF | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Citrus nematode | metham sodium | Fair, 60-80% | Most common pre-plant treatment. Less effectivet han Telone, but cheaper, safer | ||
| Citrus nematode | Methyl Bromide | Good, 80-90% | No longer used. Req. covering ground w/tarps. | ||
| Citrus nematode | Myrothecium verrucaria | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Post-plant. Expensive. Limited efficacy. Fungus fermentation byproduct. Low non-target toxicity. | ||
| Citrus nematode | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | Previous crop has important impacts | ||
| Citrus nematode | Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate | 128904 | 7345-69-9 | Poor to Fair | Post-plant. Not used often. Restricted to pre-plan tor vineyards established > 1 year. |
| Common mallow | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor to Fair | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Common mallow | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Common mallow | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Common mallow | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Common mallow | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Common mallow | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Common mallow | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Poor to Good, 25-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Common mallow | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Common mallow | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Common mallow | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Common mallow | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Common mallow | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Poor to Good, 25-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Common mallow | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Common mallow | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Common mallow | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Common mallow | Tillage | ||||
| Common mallow | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Coyote | Fencing | Poor to Fair | Expensive | ||
| Coyote | Provide drinking water | Poor to Good, 25-90% | This discourages drip hose chewing | ||
| Crown gall | 2,4-xylenol and meta cresol | Poor, 25-60% | After-the-fact treatment; little used | ||
| Crown gall | Avoid mechanical/freezing | Good, 80-90% | |||
| Crown gall | disease-free planting material | Excellent, 90-100% | |||
| Crown gall | Insect Vector Control | Good, 80-90% | |||
| Crown gall | Iprodione | 109801 | 36734-19-7 | Fair, 60-80% | Used less than Elevate or Vangard |
| Crown gall | Irrigation management | ||||
| Crown gall | Mancozeb | 14504 | 8018-01-7 | Poor to Fair | |
| Crown gall | Soak cuttings in 129°F water | Good, 80-90% | |||
| Crown gall | Variety selection | ||||
| Cutworms | Carbaryl | 56801 | 63-25-2 | Poor to Fair | Broadcast or aerial applied; must contact cutworms. |
| Cutworms | Chlorpyrifos | 59101 | 2921-88-2 | Good, 80-90% | - Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problem |
| Cutworms | Diazinon | 57801 | 59928-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Cutworms | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Likely to exacerbate mite problems with repeated use. | |
| Cutworms | Lambda-cyhalothrin | 128897 | 91465-08-6 | Excellent, 90-100% | Barrier treatment. |
| Cutworms | malathion | 57701 | 121-75-5 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Cutworms | Spinosad | 110003 | 168316-95-8 | Fair, 60-80% | |
| Cutworms | Tebufenozide | 129026 | 112410-23-8 | Fair, 60-80% | |
| Cutworms | Zeta-cypermethrin | 129064 | Unknown | Excellent, 90-100% | Barrier treatment |
| Dagger nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Pre-plant. Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious |
| Dagger nematode | Chloropicrin + 1,3-Dichloropropene | Experiments underway in California | |||
| Dagger nematode | Dominator | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Dagger nematode | Fenamiphos | 100601 | 22224-92-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Registration revoked in 2007. |
| Dagger nematode | Green manures | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |||
| Dagger nematode | Isothiocyanate cover crops | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Research underway | ||
| Dagger nematode | LCF | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Dagger nematode | metham sodium | Fair, 60-80% | Most common pre-plant treatment. Less effectivet han Telone, but cheaper, safer | ||
| Dagger nematode | Methyl Bromide | Good, 80-90% | No longer used. Req. covering ground w/tarps. | ||
| Dagger nematode | Myrothecium verrucaria | Post-plant. Expensive. Limited efficacy. Fungus fermentation byproduct. Low non-target toxicity | |||
| Dagger nematode | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | Previous crop has important impacts | ||
| Dagger nematode | Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate | 128904 | 7345-69-9 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Post-plant. Not used often. Restricted to pre-plan tor vineyards established > 1 year. |
| Deer, elk, rabbits | Fencing | Good, 80-90% | Expensive | ||
| Deer, elk, rabbits | Plant shields | Good, 80-90% | |||
| Eutypa dieback | Benomyl | 99101 | 17804-35-2 | May be effective as a wound protectant;won’t eradicate fungus already present;won’t eradicate fungus already present;won’t eradicate fungus already present; | |
| Eutypa dieback | Pruning | Fair, 60-80% | Removal of infected trunks discourages Eutypa | ||
| Eutypa dieback | Thiophanate-methyl | 102001 | 23564-05-8 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Fiddleneck tarweed | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | Tillage | ||||
| Fiddleneck tarweed | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Good, 80-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Field bindweed | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Extreme plant injury potential. |
| Field bindweed | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Field bindweed | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils. |
| Field bindweed | Diquat dibromide | 32201 | 85-00-7 | Poor to Fair | Foliar treatment. Fair to good burndown of field bindweed,but they grow back. |
| Field bindweed | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Field bindweed | Flaming | air quality concerns. | |||
| Field bindweed | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Most growers report poor efficacy across the board; some researchshows good efficacy onBermudagrass. Non-bearing only. |
| Field bindweed | flumioxazin | 129034 | 141490-50-8 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Field bindweed | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Foliar treatment. |
| Field bindweed | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinkleri-irrigated areas. |
| Field bindweed | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; not for sand or g avel soils |
| Field bindweed | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation. |
| Field bindweed | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor to Fair | Soil active; can apply pre-or post emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Field bindweed | Paraquat | 61603 | 4685-14-7 | Poor to Fair | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Field bindweed | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Field bindweed | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; |
| Field bindweed | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Field bindweed | site selection & preparation | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Field bindweed | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor to Fair | Applied at pre-plant. |
| Foxtail | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Foxtail | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Good, 80-90% | Non-bearing only. |
| Foxtail | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Foxtail | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Foxtail | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Foxtail | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Fair control of green foxtail.good control of yellow. Non-bearing only. |
| Foxtail | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Foxtail | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Foxtail | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Foxtail | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Foxtail | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Foxtail | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Foxtail | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Foxtail | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Foxtail | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Good, 80-90% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Foxtail | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Foxtail | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Foxtail | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Foxtail | Tillage | ||||
| Foxtail | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Grape mealybug | Buprofezin | 275100 | 69327-76-0 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Shows promise; insect growth regulator; is compatible with biocontrol |
| Grape mealybug | Carbaryl | 56801 | 63-25-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Broadcast or aerial applied; must contact cutworms. |
| Grape mealybug | Chlorpyrifos | 59101 | 2921-88-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problem |
| Grape mealybug | Diazinon | 57801 | 59928-80-2 | Poor to Fair | |
| Grape mealybug | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Likely to exacerbate mite problems with repeated use. |
| Grape mealybug | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Ground or aerial applied. |
| Grape mealybug | Mealybug destroyer | Extremely effective mealybug predator;recently found in WA. | |||
| Grape mealybug | Oil | 0 | Poor to Fair | ||
| Grape mealybug | Phosmet | 59201 | 732-11-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Broadcast ground spray. |
| Grape mealybug | Potassium laurate | 79021 | 67701-09-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Organic-approved. Also has fungicidal properties; no residual; strong odor; timing is critical. |
| Grape mealybug | Potassium laurate | 79021 | 67701-09-1 | Fair, 60-80% | Organic-approved. Also has fungicidal properties; no residual; strong odor; timing is critical. |
| Grape mealybug | Thiamethoxam | 60109 | 153719-23-4 | Excellent, 90-100% | Chemigation formula. |
| Grape mealybug | thiamethoxam | 60109 | 153719-23-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Foliar formula. |
| Grapevine leafroll | disease-free planting material | Excellent, 90-100% | |||
| Grapevine leafroll | Variety selection | ||||
| Gray mold | Canopy Management | ||||
| Gray mold | copper compounds | ||||
| Gray mold | Cull infected clusters | Not practical on commercial scale | |||
| Gray mold | Cyprodinil (Vangard) | 288202 | 121552-61-2 | Good, 80-90% | Used less than Elevate |
| Gray mold | Cyprodinil + Fludioxonil | Excellent, 90-100% | |||
| Gray mold | Dicloran | 31301 | 99-30-9 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Used less than Elevate or Vangard |
| Gray mold | Fenhexamid | 90209 | 126833-17-8 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Gray mold | Fertilizer management | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Gray mold | Gamma aminobutyric acid | Poor, 25-60% | |||
| Gray mold | Irrigation management | ||||
| Gray mold | Tebuconazole | 128997 | 107534-96-3 | Good, 80-90% | DMI |
| Gray mold | Trellising | ||||
| Gray mold | Trifloxystrobin | 129112 | 141517-21-7 | Fair, 60-80% | Strobilurin. Longest (21-day) spray interval in its class |
| Hornworm/lepidtopt. | Removal of alternate hosts | Evening primrose is an alternate host for hornworm and other Lepidoptera. | |||
| Horsetail (equisetum) | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair, 60-80% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Diquat dibromide | 32201 | 85-00-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Foliar treatment. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Flaming | Not Stand Alone | air quality concerns. | ||
| Horsetail (equisetum) | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Most growers report poor efficacy across the board; some researchshows good efficacy onBermudagrass. Non-bearing only |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Poor, 25-60% | Foliar treatment. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinkler-irrigated areas. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; not for sand or gavel soils |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; can apply pre-or post emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Paraquat | 61603 | 4685-14-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | site selection & preparation | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Horsetail (equisetum) | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant. |
| Knapweed | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Extreme plant injury potential.Results may improve on knapweed with optimal timing. |
| Knapweed | Diquat dibromide | 32201 | 85-00-7 | Poor to Fair | Foliar treatment. Fair to good burndown of knapweed, but they grow back. |
| Knapweed | Flaming | air quality concerns. | |||
| Knapweed | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Most growers report poor efficacy across the board; some researchshows good efficacy onBermudagrass. Non-bearing only |
| Knapweed | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Foliar treatment. |
| Knapweed | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinkleri-irrigated areas. |
| Knapweed | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation. |
| Knapweed | Paraquat | 61603 | 4685-14-7 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Knapweed | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Knapweed | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; |
| Knapweed | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Knapweed | site selection & preparation | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Knapweed | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant. |
| Knotweed | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Kochia (als) | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Kochia (als) | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only. |
| Kochia (als) | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Kochia (als) | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Kochia (als) | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Kochia (als) | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Kochia (als) | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say more research needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Kochia (als) | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Kochia (als) | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Kochia (als) | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor to Fair | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Kochia (als) | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Kochia (als) | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Kochia (als) | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Kochia (als) | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Kochia (als) | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Kochia (als) | Tillage | ||||
| Kochia (als) | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Good, 80-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Lambsquarters | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Good, 80-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Lambsquarters | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only. |
| Lambsquarters | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Lambsquarters | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Lambsquarters | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Lambsquarters | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Lambsquarters | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season. |
| Lambsquarters | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Lambsquarters | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Lambsquarters | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Lambsquarters | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Lambsquarters | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Poor to Good, 25-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns. |
| Lambsquarters | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Good, 80-90% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Lambsquarters | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Lambsquarters | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Lambsquarters | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers. |
| Lambsquarters | Tillage | ||||
| Lambsquarters | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Good, 80-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately. |
| Leafhoppters | Acetamiprid | 99050 | 135410-20-7 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |
| Leafhoppters | Buprofezin | 275100 | 69327-76-0 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Shows promise; insect growth regulator; is compatible with biocontrol |
| Leafhoppters | Canopy Management | Poor to Good, 25-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Leafhoppters | Carbaryl | 56801 | 63-25-2 | Poor to Fair | Broadcast or aerial applied; must contact cutworms. |
| Leafhoppters | Chlorpyrifos | 59101 | 2921-88-2 | Poor, 25-60% | - Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problem |
| Leafhoppters | Diazinon | 57801 | 59928-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Leafhoppters | dimethoate | 35001 | 60-51-5 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Tolerance being revoked. |
| Leafhoppters | Endosulfan | 79401 | 115-29-7 | Fair, 60-80% | - Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problem |
| Leafhoppters | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Likely to exacerbate mite problems with repeated use. |
| Leafhoppters | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Most popular leafhopper control.Ground or aerial applied. |
| Leafhoppters | Irrigation management | ||||
| Leafhoppters | Kaolin clay | 100104 | 1332-58-7 | Fair, 60-80% | Suppressive effect; |
| Leafhoppters | Lambda-cyhalothrin | 128897 | 91465-08-6 | Good, 80-90% | Barrier treatment. |
| Leafhoppters | malathion | 57701 | 121-75-5 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Leafhoppters | Methomyl | 90301 | 27519-02-4 | Excellent, 90-100% | May combine with oil. Most effective early. |
| Leafhoppters | Parasitoid wasps * | Can play important role in IPM against leafhopper. | |||
| Leafhoppters | thiamethoxam | 60109 | 153719-23-4 | Excellent, 90-100% | Foliar formula. |
| Leafhoppters | Thiamethoxam | 60109 | 153719-23-4 | Excellent, 90-100% | Chemigation formula. |
| Leafhoppters | Zeta-cypermethrin | 129064 | Unknown | Good, 80-90% | Barrier treatment |
| Marestail/horseweed | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing |
| Marestail/horseweed | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Marestail/horseweed | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Marestail/horseweed | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Marestail/horseweed | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Marestail/horseweed | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Marestail/horseweed | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Marestail/horseweed | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | not registered and/or not effective | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Marestail/horseweed | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Marestail/horseweed | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Marestail/horseweed | Tillage | ||||
| Marestail/horseweed | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Fair, 60-80% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Mites | Abamectin | 122804 | 71751-41-2 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Mites | Bifenazate | 586 | 149877-41-8 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | |
| Mites | Dicofol (Kelthane 50WS) +horticultural oil | Fair, 60-80% | |||
| Mites | dimethoate | 35001 | 60-51-5 | Fair, 60-80% | Tolerance being revoked. |
| Mites | Endosulfan | 79401 | 115-29-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problems |
| Mites | malathion | 57701 | 121-75-5 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Mites | Methomyl | 90301 | 27519-02-4 | May combine with oil. Most effective early. | |
| Mites | Potassium laurate | 79021 | 67701-09-1 | Fair, 60-80% | Organic-approved. Also has fungicidal properties; no residual; strong odor; timing is critical. |
| Mites | Predatory mites * | ||||
| Mites | Propargite | 97601 | 2312-35-8 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Mustard | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Good, 80-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Mustard | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only. |
| Mustard | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Mustard | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Mustard | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Mustard | Flumioxazin | 129034 | 141490-50-8 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Mustard | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Mustard | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Mustard | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Mustard | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor to Fair | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Mustard | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Mustard | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Mustard | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Mustard | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Mustard | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Mustard | Tillage | ||||
| Nematode-vectored viruses | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Nematode control; may delay re-infection |
| Nematode-vectored viruses | disease-free planting material | Excellent, 90-100% | |||
| Nematode-vectored viruses | Metam Sodium | Good, 80-90% | Nematode control; may delay re-infection | ||
| Nematode-vectored viruses | Methyl bromide | 53201 | 74-83-9 | Good, 80-90% | Nematode control; may delay re-infection |
| Nematode-vectored viruses | Variety selection | ||||
| Nightshade | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Good, 80-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Nightshade | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Nightshade | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Nightshade | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Nightshade | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Nightshade | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Nightshade | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Nightshade | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Nightshade | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Nightshade | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Nightshade | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Nightshade | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Nightshade | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Nightshade | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Nightshade | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Nightshade | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Nightshade | Tillage | ||||
| Nightshade | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Nuisance pests (vinegar & fruit fly, yellowjacket) | malathion | 57701 | 121-75-5 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Phylloxera | Diazinon | 57801 | 59928-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Phylloxera | dimethoate | 35001 | 60-51-5 | Excellent, 90-100% | Tolerance being revoked. |
| Phylloxera | Endosulfan | 79401 | 115-29-7 | Fair, 60-80% | Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problems |
| Powdery mildew | Azoxystrobin | 128810 | 131860-33-8 | Good, 80-90% | Strobilurin |
| Powdery mildew | Bacillus subtilis QST-713 | 6479 | Unknown | Poor, 25-60% | Not cost-effective; takes too long to work. |
| Powdery mildew | Boscalid + Pyraclostrobin | new | |||
| Powdery mildew | Canopy Management | ||||
| Powdery mildew | copper compounds | Poor to Fair | |||
| Powdery mildew | Cull infected clusters | Not practical on commercial scale | |||
| Powdery mildew | Fenarimol | 206600 | 60168-88-9 | Good, 80-90% | Most popular DMI |
| Powdery mildew | Fertilizer management | ||||
| Powdery mildew | Gamma aminobutyric acid | Poor to Fair | |||
| Powdery mildew | Harpin Protein | 6477 | 151438-54-9 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Powdery mildew | Irrigation management | ||||
| Powdery mildew | kresoxim-methyl | 129111 | 143390-89-0 | Good, 80-90% | Strobilurin |
| Powdery mildew | Myclobutanil | 128857 | 88671-89-0 | Good, 80-90% | DMI |
| Powdery mildew | neem oil | 0 | Poor, 25-60% | Expensive, marginally effective | |
| Powdery mildew | Oils | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Cannot be applied with or within 3 wks of sulfur or when below freezing or | ||
| Powdery mildew | Potassium bicarbonate | 73508 | 298-14-6 | Poor to Fair | Organic-approved; cannot be mixed with other controls; no residual activity |
| Powdery mildew | Potassium laurate | 79021 | 67701-09-1 | Poor to Fair | Organic-approved. |
| Powdery mildew | Pruning | ||||
| Powdery mildew | quinoxyfen | 55459 | 878790-59-1 | Excellent, 90-100% | |
| Powdery mildew | Sulfur | 77501 | 7704-34-9 | Fair, 60-80% | Micronized flowable form |
| Powdery mildew | sulfur – dust | Fair to Good, 50-90% | May be linked to increased mite pressure | ||
| Powdery mildew | Tebuconazole | 128997 | 107534-96-3 | Good, 80-90% | DMI |
| Powdery mildew | Trellising | ||||
| Powdery mildew | Trifloxystrobin | 129112 | 141517-21-7 | Good, 80-90% | Strobilurin. Longest (21-day) spray interval in its class |
| Powdery mildew | triflumizole | 128879 | 68694-11-1 | Good, 80-90% | DMI |
| Powdery mildew | Variety selection | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Prickly lettuce | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor to Fair | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Prickly lettuce | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Prickly lettuce | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Prickly lettuce | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Prickly lettuce | Flumioxazin | 129034 | 141490-50-8 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Prickly lettuce | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Prickly lettuce | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Prickly lettuce | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Prickly lettuce | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Prickly lettuce | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Prickly lettuce | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Poor to Good, 25-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Prickly lettuce | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Prickly lettuce | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Prickly lettuce | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Prickly lettuce | Tillage | ||||
| Prickly lettuce | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Puncturevine | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Good, 80-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Puncturevine | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Puncturevine | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Puncturevine | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Puncturevine | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Puncturevine | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Puncturevine | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Puncturevine | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Puncturevine | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Puncturevine | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Not Used | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Puncturevine | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Puncturevine | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Puncturevine | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Puncturevine | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Puncturevine | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Puncturevine | Tillage | ||||
| Puncturevine | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Good, 80-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Redstem fillaree | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Good, 80-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Redstem fillaree | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only. |
| Redstem fillaree | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Redstem fillaree | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Redstem fillaree | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Redstem fillaree | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | not registered and/or not effective | Non-bearing only |
| Redstem fillaree | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Redstem fillaree | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Redstem fillaree | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Redstem fillaree | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Redstem fillaree | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Fair, 60-80% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Redstem fillaree | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Redstem fillaree | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Redstem fillaree | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Redstem fillaree | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Redstem fillaree | Tillage | ||||
| Redstem fillaree | Tillage | ||||
| Redstem fillaree | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Ring nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Pre-plant. Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious |
| Ring nematode | Chloropicrin + 1,3-Dichloropropene | Experiments underway in California | |||
| Ring nematode | Dominator | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Ring nematode | Fenamiphos | 100601 | 22224-92-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Registration revoked in 2007. |
| Ring nematode | Green manures | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |||
| Ring nematode | Isothiocyanate cover crops | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Research underway | ||
| Ring nematode | LCF | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Ring nematode | metham sodium | Fair, 60-80% | Most common pre-plant treatment. Less effectivet han Telone, but cheaper, safer | ||
| Ring nematode | Methyl Bromide | Good, 80-90% | No longer used. Req. covering ground w/tarps. | ||
| Ring nematode | Myrothecium verrucaria | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Post-plant. Expensive. Limited efficacy. Fungus fermentation byproduct. Low non-target toxicity | ||
| Ring nematode | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | Previous crop has important impacts | ||
| Ring nematode | Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate | 128904 | 7345-69-9 | Poor to Fair | Post-plant. Not used often. Restricted to pre-plan tor vineyards established > 1 year. |
| Rodents | Avian Predators | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone Growers encourage nesting sites within the vineyard | ||
| Rodents | Zinc Phosphide | 88601 | 1314-84-7 | Only for extreme infestations | |
| Root knot nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Pre-plant. Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious |
| Root knot nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Pre-plant. Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious |
| Root knot nematode | Chloropicrin + 1,3-Dichloropropene | Experiments underway in California | |||
| Root knot nematode | Dominator | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Root knot nematode | Fenamiphos | 100601 | 22224-92-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Registration revoked in 2007. |
| Root knot nematode | Green manures | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |||
| Root knot nematode | Isothiocyanate cover crops | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Research underway | ||
| Root knot nematode | LCF | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Root knot nematode | metham sodium | Poor to Fair | Most common pre-plant treatment. Less effectivet han Telone, but cheaper, safer | ||
| Root knot nematode | Methyl Bromide | Fair to Good, 50-90% | No longer used. Req. covering ground w/tarps. | ||
| Root knot nematode | Myrothecium verrucaria | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Post-plant. Expensive. Limited efficacy. Fungus fermentation byproduct. Low non-target toxicity | ||
| Root knot nematode | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | Previous crop has important impacts | ||
| Root knot nematode | Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate | 128904 | 7345-69-9 | Poor, 25-60% | Post-plant. Not used often. Restricted to pre-plan tor vineyards established > 1 year. |
| Root lesion nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | pre-plant, Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious. |
| Root lesion nematode | Chloropicrin + 1,3-Dichloropropene | Experiments underway in California | |||
| Root lesion nematode | Dominator | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Root lesion nematode | Green manures | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |||
| Root lesion nematode | Isothiocyanate cover crops | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Research underway | ||
| Root lesion nematode | LCF | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Root lesion nematode | metham sodium | Poor to Fair | Most common pre-plant treatment. Less effectivet han Telone, but cheaper, safer | ||
| Root lesion nematode | Methyl Bromide | Good, 80-90% | No longer used. Req. covering ground w/tarps. | ||
| Root lesion nematode | Myrothecium verrucaria | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Post-plant. Expensive. Limited efficacy. Fungus fermentation byproduct. Low non-target toxicity | ||
| Root lesion nematode | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | Previous crop has important impacts | ||
| Root lesion nematode | Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate | 128904 | 7345-69-9 | Poor to Fair | Post-plant. Not used often. Restricted to pre-plan tor vineyards established > 1 year. |
| Rugose w d c | disease-free planting material | Excellent, 90-100% | |||
| Rugose w d c | Variety selection | ||||
| Russian thistle | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Russian thistle | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Russian thistle | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Russian thistle | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Russian thistle | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Fair, 60-80% | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. |
| Russian thistle | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Russian thistle | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Russian thistle | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Russian thistle | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Russian thistle | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Russian thistle | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Russian thistle | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Russian thistle | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Russian thistle | Tillage | ||||
| Russian thistle | Tillage | ||||
| Russian thistle | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Sandbur | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Sandbur | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Sandbur | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Sandbur | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | ||
| Sandbur | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Sandbur | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Sandbur | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Sandbur | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Sandbur | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Sandbur | Tillage | ||||
| Scales | Carbaryl | 56801 | 63-25-2 | Poor, 25-60% | b |
| Scales | Chlorpyrifos | 59101 | 2921-88-2 | Good, 80-90% | - Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problem |
| Scales | Diazinon | 57801 | 59928-80-2 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Thrips | Abamectin | 122804 | 71751-41-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Thrips | Carbaryl | 56801 | 63-25-2 | Poor to Fair | Broadcast or aerial applied; must contact cutworms. |
| Thrips | Fenbutatin-oxide | 104601 | 13556-08-6 | Fair, 60-80% | |
| Thrips | Fenpropathrin | 127901 | 39515-41-8 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Best used as barrier spray against cutworm |
| Thrips | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Fair, 60-80% | Ground or aerial applied. |
| Thrips | Kaolin clay | 100104 | 1332-58-7 | Fair, 60-80% | Suppressive effect; may require another control for thrips. |
| Thrips | Potassium laurate | 79021 | 67701-09-1 | Fair, 60-80% | Organic-approved. Also has fungicidal properties; no residual; strong odor; timing is critical. |
| Thrips | Spinosad | 110003 | 168316-95-8 | Poor, 25-60% |
| Pest | Active Ingredient | PC Code | CAS | Rating | Description/Comments/Resistance Issues |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barnyardgrass | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Barnyardgrass | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Good, 80-90% | Non-bearing only. |
| Barnyardgrass | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Barnyardgrass | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Barnyardgrass | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Barnyardgrass | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Barnyardgrass | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Barnyardgrass | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Barnyardgrass | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Barnyardgrass | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Barnyardgrass | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | not registered and/or not effective | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Barnyardgrass | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Barnyardgrass | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Good, 80-90% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Barnyardgrass | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Barnyardgrass | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Barnyardgrass | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Barnyardgrass | Tillage | ||||
| Barnyardgrass | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Bermudagrass | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Extreme plant injury potential. |
| Bermudagrass | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Non-bearing only |
| Bermudagrass | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils. |
| Bermudagrass | Diquat dibromide | 32201 | 85-00-7 | Poor to Fair | Foliar treatment. Fair to good burndown of bemudagrass,but they grow back. |
| Bermudagrass | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Bermudagrass | Flaming | air quality concerns. | |||
| Bermudagrass | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | No data, but suspected of being efficacious | Most growers report poor efficacy across the board; some researchshows good efficacy onBermudagrass. Non-bearing only |
| Bermudagrass | flumioxazin | 129034 | 141490-50-8 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Bermudagrass | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Foliar treatment. |
| Bermudagrass | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinkleri-irrigated areas. |
| Bermudagrass | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; not for sand or gavel soils |
| Bermudagrass | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation. |
| Bermudagrass | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; can apply pre-or post emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Bermudagrass | Paraquat | 61603 | 4685-14-7 | Poor to Fair | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Bermudagrass | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Bermudagrass | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; |
| Bermudagrass | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor to Fair | Fair to good burndown of Bermudagrass but it grows back. |
| Bermudagrass | site selection & preparation | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Bermudagrass | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant. |
| Birds | Avian Predators | Growers encourage nesting sites within the vineyard | |||
| Birds | Netting | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Expensive | ||
| Birds | Scare devices | Fair, 60-80% | Need more options | ||
| Birds | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | |||
| Black vine weevil | Cultivation | Effective on black vine weevil in bud swell through bloom stage. | |||
| Black vine weevil | Fenpropathrin | 127901 | 39515-41-8 | Good, 80-90% | Effective against vine weevilas a foliar spray, but this use is discouraged due to disruption. |
| Canada thistle | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Canada thistle | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils. |
| Canada thistle | Diquat dibromide | 32201 | 85-00-7 | Poor to Fair | Foliar treatment. Fair to good burndown of Canada thistle, but they grow back. |
| Canada thistle | Flaming | air quality concerns. | |||
| Canada thistle | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Most growers report poor efficacy across the board; some researchshows good efficacy onBermudagrass. Non-bearing only |
| Canada thistle | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Foliar treatment. |
| Canada thistle | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinkler-irrigated areas. |
| Canada thistle | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; not for sand or gavel soils |
| Canada thistle | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation. |
| Canada thistle | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor to Fair | Soil active; can apply pre-or post emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Canada thistle | Paraquat | 61603 | 4685-14-7 | Poor to Fair | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Canada thistle | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Canada thistle | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; |
| Canada thistle | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Canada thistle | site selection & preparation | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Canada thistle | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant. |
| Citrus nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Pre-plant. Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious |
| Citrus nematode | Chloropicrin + 1,3-Dichloropropene | Experiments underway in California | |||
| Citrus nematode | Dominator | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Citrus nematode | Fenamiphos | 100601 | 22224-92-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Registration revoked in 2007. |
| Citrus nematode | Green manures | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |||
| Citrus nematode | Isothiocyanate cover crops | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Research underway | ||
| Citrus nematode | LCF | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Citrus nematode | metham sodium | Fair, 60-80% | Most common pre-plant treatment. Less effectivet han Telone, but cheaper, safer | ||
| Citrus nematode | Methyl Bromide | Good, 80-90% | No longer used. Req. covering ground w/tarps. | ||
| Citrus nematode | Myrothecium verrucaria | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Post-plant. Expensive. Limited efficacy. Fungus fermentation byproduct. Low non-target toxicity. | ||
| Citrus nematode | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | Previous crop has important impacts | ||
| Citrus nematode | Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate | 128904 | 7345-69-9 | Poor to Fair | Post-plant. Not used often. Restricted to pre-plan tor vineyards established > 1 year. |
| Common mallow | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor to Fair | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Common mallow | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Common mallow | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Common mallow | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Common mallow | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Common mallow | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Common mallow | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Poor to Good, 25-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Common mallow | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Common mallow | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Common mallow | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Common mallow | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Common mallow | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Poor to Good, 25-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Common mallow | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Common mallow | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Common mallow | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Common mallow | Tillage | ||||
| Common mallow | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Coyote | Fencing | Poor to Fair | Expensive | ||
| Coyote | Provide drinking water | Poor to Good, 25-90% | This discourages drip hose chewing | ||
| Crown gall | 2,4-xylenol and meta cresol | Poor, 25-60% | After-the-fact treatment; little used | ||
| Crown gall | Avoid mechanical/freezing | Good, 80-90% | |||
| Crown gall | disease-free planting material | Excellent, 90-100% | |||
| Crown gall | Insect Vector Control | Good, 80-90% | |||
| Crown gall | Iprodione | 109801 | 36734-19-7 | Fair, 60-80% | Used less than Elevate or Vangard |
| Crown gall | Irrigation management | ||||
| Crown gall | Mancozeb | 14504 | 8018-01-7 | Poor to Fair | |
| Crown gall | Soak cuttings in 129°F water | Good, 80-90% | |||
| Crown gall | Variety selection | ||||
| Cutworms | Carbaryl | 56801 | 63-25-2 | Poor to Fair | Broadcast or aerial applied; must contact cutworms. |
| Cutworms | Chlorpyrifos | 59101 | 2921-88-2 | Good, 80-90% | - Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problem |
| Cutworms | Diazinon | 57801 | 59928-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Cutworms | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Likely to exacerbate mite problems with repeated use. | |
| Cutworms | Lambda-cyhalothrin | 128897 | 91465-08-6 | Excellent, 90-100% | Barrier treatment. |
| Cutworms | malathion | 57701 | 121-75-5 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Cutworms | Spinosad | 110003 | 168316-95-8 | Fair, 60-80% | |
| Cutworms | Tebufenozide | 129026 | 112410-23-8 | Fair, 60-80% | |
| Cutworms | Zeta-cypermethrin | 129064 | Unknown | Excellent, 90-100% | Barrier treatment |
| Dagger nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Pre-plant. Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious |
| Dagger nematode | Chloropicrin + 1,3-Dichloropropene | Experiments underway in California | |||
| Dagger nematode | Dominator | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Dagger nematode | Fenamiphos | 100601 | 22224-92-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Registration revoked in 2007. |
| Dagger nematode | Green manures | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |||
| Dagger nematode | Isothiocyanate cover crops | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Research underway | ||
| Dagger nematode | LCF | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Dagger nematode | metham sodium | Fair, 60-80% | Most common pre-plant treatment. Less effectivet han Telone, but cheaper, safer | ||
| Dagger nematode | Methyl Bromide | Good, 80-90% | No longer used. Req. covering ground w/tarps. | ||
| Dagger nematode | Myrothecium verrucaria | Post-plant. Expensive. Limited efficacy. Fungus fermentation byproduct. Low non-target toxicity | |||
| Dagger nematode | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | Previous crop has important impacts | ||
| Dagger nematode | Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate | 128904 | 7345-69-9 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Post-plant. Not used often. Restricted to pre-plan tor vineyards established > 1 year. |
| Deer, elk, rabbits | Fencing | Good, 80-90% | Expensive | ||
| Deer, elk, rabbits | Plant shields | Good, 80-90% | |||
| Eutypa dieback | Benomyl | 99101 | 17804-35-2 | May be effective as a wound protectant;won’t eradicate fungus already present;won’t eradicate fungus already present;won’t eradicate fungus already present; | |
| Eutypa dieback | Pruning | Fair, 60-80% | Removal of infected trunks discourages Eutypa | ||
| Eutypa dieback | Thiophanate-methyl | 102001 | 23564-05-8 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Fiddleneck tarweed | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | Tillage | ||||
| Fiddleneck tarweed | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Good, 80-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Field bindweed | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Extreme plant injury potential. |
| Field bindweed | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Field bindweed | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils. |
| Field bindweed | Diquat dibromide | 32201 | 85-00-7 | Poor to Fair | Foliar treatment. Fair to good burndown of field bindweed,but they grow back. |
| Field bindweed | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Field bindweed | Flaming | air quality concerns. | |||
| Field bindweed | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Most growers report poor efficacy across the board; some researchshows good efficacy onBermudagrass. Non-bearing only. |
| Field bindweed | flumioxazin | 129034 | 141490-50-8 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Field bindweed | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Foliar treatment. |
| Field bindweed | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinkleri-irrigated areas. |
| Field bindweed | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; not for sand or g avel soils |
| Field bindweed | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation. |
| Field bindweed | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor to Fair | Soil active; can apply pre-or post emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Field bindweed | Paraquat | 61603 | 4685-14-7 | Poor to Fair | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Field bindweed | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Field bindweed | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; |
| Field bindweed | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Field bindweed | site selection & preparation | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Field bindweed | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor to Fair | Applied at pre-plant. |
| Foxtail | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Foxtail | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Good, 80-90% | Non-bearing only. |
| Foxtail | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Foxtail | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Foxtail | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Foxtail | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Fair control of green foxtail.good control of yellow. Non-bearing only. |
| Foxtail | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Foxtail | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Foxtail | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Foxtail | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Foxtail | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Foxtail | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Foxtail | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Foxtail | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Foxtail | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Good, 80-90% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Foxtail | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Foxtail | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Foxtail | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Foxtail | Tillage | ||||
| Foxtail | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Grape mealybug | Buprofezin | 275100 | 69327-76-0 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Shows promise; insect growth regulator; is compatible with biocontrol |
| Grape mealybug | Carbaryl | 56801 | 63-25-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Broadcast or aerial applied; must contact cutworms. |
| Grape mealybug | Chlorpyrifos | 59101 | 2921-88-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problem |
| Grape mealybug | Diazinon | 57801 | 59928-80-2 | Poor to Fair | |
| Grape mealybug | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Likely to exacerbate mite problems with repeated use. |
| Grape mealybug | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Ground or aerial applied. |
| Grape mealybug | Mealybug destroyer | Extremely effective mealybug predator;recently found in WA. | |||
| Grape mealybug | Oil | 0 | Poor to Fair | ||
| Grape mealybug | Phosmet | 59201 | 732-11-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Broadcast ground spray. |
| Grape mealybug | Potassium laurate | 79021 | 67701-09-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Organic-approved. Also has fungicidal properties; no residual; strong odor; timing is critical. |
| Grape mealybug | Potassium laurate | 79021 | 67701-09-1 | Fair, 60-80% | Organic-approved. Also has fungicidal properties; no residual; strong odor; timing is critical. |
| Grape mealybug | Thiamethoxam | 60109 | 153719-23-4 | Excellent, 90-100% | Chemigation formula. |
| Grape mealybug | thiamethoxam | 60109 | 153719-23-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Foliar formula. |
| Grapevine leafroll | disease-free planting material | Excellent, 90-100% | |||
| Grapevine leafroll | Variety selection | ||||
| Gray mold | Canopy Management | ||||
| Gray mold | copper compounds | ||||
| Gray mold | Cull infected clusters | Not practical on commercial scale | |||
| Gray mold | Cyprodinil (Vangard) | 288202 | 121552-61-2 | Good, 80-90% | Used less than Elevate |
| Gray mold | Cyprodinil + Fludioxonil | Excellent, 90-100% | |||
| Gray mold | Dicloran | 31301 | 99-30-9 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Used less than Elevate or Vangard |
| Gray mold | Fenhexamid | 90209 | 126833-17-8 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Gray mold | Fertilizer management | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Gray mold | Gamma aminobutyric acid | Poor, 25-60% | |||
| Gray mold | Irrigation management | ||||
| Gray mold | Tebuconazole | 128997 | 107534-96-3 | Good, 80-90% | DMI |
| Gray mold | Trellising | ||||
| Gray mold | Trifloxystrobin | 129112 | 141517-21-7 | Fair, 60-80% | Strobilurin. Longest (21-day) spray interval in its class |
| Hornworm/lepidtopt. | Removal of alternate hosts | Evening primrose is an alternate host for hornworm and other Lepidoptera. | |||
| Horsetail (equisetum) | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair, 60-80% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Diquat dibromide | 32201 | 85-00-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Foliar treatment. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Flaming | Not Stand Alone | air quality concerns. | ||
| Horsetail (equisetum) | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Most growers report poor efficacy across the board; some researchshows good efficacy onBermudagrass. Non-bearing only |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Poor, 25-60% | Foliar treatment. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinkler-irrigated areas. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; not for sand or gavel soils |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; can apply pre-or post emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Paraquat | 61603 | 4685-14-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | site selection & preparation | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Horsetail (equisetum) | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant. |
| Knapweed | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Extreme plant injury potential.Results may improve on knapweed with optimal timing. |
| Knapweed | Diquat dibromide | 32201 | 85-00-7 | Poor to Fair | Foliar treatment. Fair to good burndown of knapweed, but they grow back. |
| Knapweed | Flaming | air quality concerns. | |||
| Knapweed | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Most growers report poor efficacy across the board; some researchshows good efficacy onBermudagrass. Non-bearing only |
| Knapweed | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Foliar treatment. |
| Knapweed | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinkleri-irrigated areas. |
| Knapweed | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation. |
| Knapweed | Paraquat | 61603 | 4685-14-7 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Knapweed | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Knapweed | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; |
| Knapweed | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Knapweed | site selection & preparation | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Knapweed | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant. |
| Knotweed | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Kochia (als) | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Kochia (als) | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only. |
| Kochia (als) | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Kochia (als) | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Kochia (als) | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Kochia (als) | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Kochia (als) | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say more research needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Kochia (als) | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Kochia (als) | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Kochia (als) | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor to Fair | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Kochia (als) | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Kochia (als) | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Kochia (als) | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Kochia (als) | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Kochia (als) | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Kochia (als) | Tillage | ||||
| Kochia (als) | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Good, 80-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Lambsquarters | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Good, 80-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Lambsquarters | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only. |
| Lambsquarters | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Lambsquarters | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Lambsquarters | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Lambsquarters | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Lambsquarters | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season. |
| Lambsquarters | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Lambsquarters | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Lambsquarters | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Lambsquarters | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Lambsquarters | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Poor to Good, 25-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns. |
| Lambsquarters | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Good, 80-90% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Lambsquarters | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Lambsquarters | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Lambsquarters | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers. |
| Lambsquarters | Tillage | ||||
| Lambsquarters | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Good, 80-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately. |
| Leafhoppters | Acetamiprid | 99050 | 135410-20-7 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |
| Leafhoppters | Buprofezin | 275100 | 69327-76-0 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Shows promise; insect growth regulator; is compatible with biocontrol |
| Leafhoppters | Canopy Management | Poor to Good, 25-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Leafhoppters | Carbaryl | 56801 | 63-25-2 | Poor to Fair | Broadcast or aerial applied; must contact cutworms. |
| Leafhoppters | Chlorpyrifos | 59101 | 2921-88-2 | Poor, 25-60% | - Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problem |
| Leafhoppters | Diazinon | 57801 | 59928-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Leafhoppters | dimethoate | 35001 | 60-51-5 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Tolerance being revoked. |
| Leafhoppters | Endosulfan | 79401 | 115-29-7 | Fair, 60-80% | - Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problem |
| Leafhoppters | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Likely to exacerbate mite problems with repeated use. |
| Leafhoppters | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Most popular leafhopper control.Ground or aerial applied. |
| Leafhoppters | Irrigation management | ||||
| Leafhoppters | Kaolin clay | 100104 | 1332-58-7 | Fair, 60-80% | Suppressive effect; |
| Leafhoppters | Lambda-cyhalothrin | 128897 | 91465-08-6 | Good, 80-90% | Barrier treatment. |
| Leafhoppters | malathion | 57701 | 121-75-5 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Leafhoppters | Methomyl | 90301 | 27519-02-4 | Excellent, 90-100% | May combine with oil. Most effective early. |
| Leafhoppters | Parasitoid wasps * | Can play important role in IPM against leafhopper. | |||
| Leafhoppters | thiamethoxam | 60109 | 153719-23-4 | Excellent, 90-100% | Foliar formula. |
| Leafhoppters | Thiamethoxam | 60109 | 153719-23-4 | Excellent, 90-100% | Chemigation formula. |
| Leafhoppters | Zeta-cypermethrin | 129064 | Unknown | Good, 80-90% | Barrier treatment |
| Marestail/horseweed | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing |
| Marestail/horseweed | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Marestail/horseweed | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Marestail/horseweed | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Marestail/horseweed | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Marestail/horseweed | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Marestail/horseweed | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Marestail/horseweed | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | not registered and/or not effective | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Marestail/horseweed | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Marestail/horseweed | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Marestail/horseweed | Tillage | ||||
| Marestail/horseweed | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Fair, 60-80% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Mites | Abamectin | 122804 | 71751-41-2 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Mites | Bifenazate | 586 | 149877-41-8 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | |
| Mites | Dicofol (Kelthane 50WS) +horticultural oil | Fair, 60-80% | |||
| Mites | dimethoate | 35001 | 60-51-5 | Fair, 60-80% | Tolerance being revoked. |
| Mites | Endosulfan | 79401 | 115-29-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problems |
| Mites | malathion | 57701 | 121-75-5 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Mites | Methomyl | 90301 | 27519-02-4 | May combine with oil. Most effective early. | |
| Mites | Potassium laurate | 79021 | 67701-09-1 | Fair, 60-80% | Organic-approved. Also has fungicidal properties; no residual; strong odor; timing is critical. |
| Mites | Predatory mites * | ||||
| Mites | Propargite | 97601 | 2312-35-8 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Mustard | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Good, 80-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Mustard | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only. |
| Mustard | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Mustard | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Mustard | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Mustard | Flumioxazin | 129034 | 141490-50-8 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Mustard | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Mustard | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Mustard | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Mustard | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor to Fair | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Mustard | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Mustard | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Mustard | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Mustard | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Mustard | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Mustard | Tillage | ||||
| Nematode-vectored viruses | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Nematode control; may delay re-infection |
| Nematode-vectored viruses | disease-free planting material | Excellent, 90-100% | |||
| Nematode-vectored viruses | Metam Sodium | Good, 80-90% | Nematode control; may delay re-infection | ||
| Nematode-vectored viruses | Methyl bromide | 53201 | 74-83-9 | Good, 80-90% | Nematode control; may delay re-infection |
| Nematode-vectored viruses | Variety selection | ||||
| Nightshade | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Good, 80-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Nightshade | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Nightshade | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Nightshade | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Nightshade | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Nightshade | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Nightshade | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Nightshade | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Nightshade | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Nightshade | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Nightshade | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Nightshade | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Nightshade | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Nightshade | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Nightshade | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Nightshade | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Nightshade | Tillage | ||||
| Nightshade | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Nuisance pests (vinegar & fruit fly, yellowjacket) | malathion | 57701 | 121-75-5 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Phylloxera | Diazinon | 57801 | 59928-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Phylloxera | dimethoate | 35001 | 60-51-5 | Excellent, 90-100% | Tolerance being revoked. |
| Phylloxera | Endosulfan | 79401 | 115-29-7 | Fair, 60-80% | Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problems |
| Powdery mildew | Azoxystrobin | 128810 | 131860-33-8 | Good, 80-90% | Strobilurin |
| Powdery mildew | Bacillus subtilis QST-713 | 6479 | Unknown | Poor, 25-60% | Not cost-effective; takes too long to work. |
| Powdery mildew | Boscalid + Pyraclostrobin | new | |||
| Powdery mildew | Canopy Management | ||||
| Powdery mildew | copper compounds | Poor to Fair | |||
| Powdery mildew | Cull infected clusters | Not practical on commercial scale | |||
| Powdery mildew | Fenarimol | 206600 | 60168-88-9 | Good, 80-90% | Most popular DMI |
| Powdery mildew | Fertilizer management | ||||
| Powdery mildew | Gamma aminobutyric acid | Poor to Fair | |||
| Powdery mildew | Harpin Protein | 6477 | 151438-54-9 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Powdery mildew | Irrigation management | ||||
| Powdery mildew | kresoxim-methyl | 129111 | 143390-89-0 | Good, 80-90% | Strobilurin |
| Powdery mildew | Myclobutanil | 128857 | 88671-89-0 | Good, 80-90% | DMI |
| Powdery mildew | neem oil | 0 | Poor, 25-60% | Expensive, marginally effective | |
| Powdery mildew | Oils | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Cannot be applied with or within 3 wks of sulfur or when below freezing or | ||
| Powdery mildew | Potassium bicarbonate | 73508 | 298-14-6 | Poor to Fair | Organic-approved; cannot be mixed with other controls; no residual activity |
| Powdery mildew | Potassium laurate | 79021 | 67701-09-1 | Poor to Fair | Organic-approved. |
| Powdery mildew | Pruning | ||||
| Powdery mildew | quinoxyfen | 55459 | 878790-59-1 | Excellent, 90-100% | |
| Powdery mildew | Sulfur | 77501 | 7704-34-9 | Fair, 60-80% | Micronized flowable form |
| Powdery mildew | sulfur – dust | Fair to Good, 50-90% | May be linked to increased mite pressure | ||
| Powdery mildew | Tebuconazole | 128997 | 107534-96-3 | Good, 80-90% | DMI |
| Powdery mildew | Trellising | ||||
| Powdery mildew | Trifloxystrobin | 129112 | 141517-21-7 | Good, 80-90% | Strobilurin. Longest (21-day) spray interval in its class |
| Powdery mildew | triflumizole | 128879 | 68694-11-1 | Good, 80-90% | DMI |
| Powdery mildew | Variety selection | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Prickly lettuce | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor to Fair | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Prickly lettuce | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Prickly lettuce | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Prickly lettuce | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Prickly lettuce | Flumioxazin | 129034 | 141490-50-8 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Prickly lettuce | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Prickly lettuce | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Prickly lettuce | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Prickly lettuce | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Prickly lettuce | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Prickly lettuce | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Poor to Good, 25-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Prickly lettuce | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Prickly lettuce | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Prickly lettuce | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Prickly lettuce | Tillage | ||||
| Prickly lettuce | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Puncturevine | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Good, 80-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Puncturevine | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Puncturevine | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Puncturevine | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Puncturevine | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Puncturevine | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Puncturevine | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Puncturevine | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Puncturevine | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Puncturevine | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Not Used | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Puncturevine | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Puncturevine | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Puncturevine | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Puncturevine | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Puncturevine | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Puncturevine | Tillage | ||||
| Puncturevine | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Good, 80-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Redstem fillaree | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Good, 80-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Redstem fillaree | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only. |
| Redstem fillaree | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Redstem fillaree | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Redstem fillaree | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Redstem fillaree | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | not registered and/or not effective | Non-bearing only |
| Redstem fillaree | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Redstem fillaree | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Redstem fillaree | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Redstem fillaree | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Redstem fillaree | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Fair, 60-80% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Redstem fillaree | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Redstem fillaree | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Redstem fillaree | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Redstem fillaree | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Redstem fillaree | Tillage | ||||
| Redstem fillaree | Tillage | ||||
| Redstem fillaree | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Ring nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Pre-plant. Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious |
| Ring nematode | Chloropicrin + 1,3-Dichloropropene | Experiments underway in California | |||
| Ring nematode | Dominator | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Ring nematode | Fenamiphos | 100601 | 22224-92-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Registration revoked in 2007. |
| Ring nematode | Green manures | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |||
| Ring nematode | Isothiocyanate cover crops | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Research underway | ||
| Ring nematode | LCF | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Ring nematode | metham sodium | Fair, 60-80% | Most common pre-plant treatment. Less effectivet han Telone, but cheaper, safer | ||
| Ring nematode | Methyl Bromide | Good, 80-90% | No longer used. Req. covering ground w/tarps. | ||
| Ring nematode | Myrothecium verrucaria | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Post-plant. Expensive. Limited efficacy. Fungus fermentation byproduct. Low non-target toxicity | ||
| Ring nematode | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | Previous crop has important impacts | ||
| Ring nematode | Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate | 128904 | 7345-69-9 | Poor to Fair | Post-plant. Not used often. Restricted to pre-plan tor vineyards established > 1 year. |
| Rodents | Avian Predators | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone Growers encourage nesting sites within the vineyard | ||
| Rodents | Zinc Phosphide | 88601 | 1314-84-7 | Only for extreme infestations | |
| Root knot nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Pre-plant. Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious |
| Root knot nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Pre-plant. Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious |
| Root knot nematode | Chloropicrin + 1,3-Dichloropropene | Experiments underway in California | |||
| Root knot nematode | Dominator | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Root knot nematode | Fenamiphos | 100601 | 22224-92-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Registration revoked in 2007. |
| Root knot nematode | Green manures | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |||
| Root knot nematode | Isothiocyanate cover crops | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Research underway | ||
| Root knot nematode | LCF | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Root knot nematode | metham sodium | Poor to Fair | Most common pre-plant treatment. Less effectivet han Telone, but cheaper, safer | ||
| Root knot nematode | Methyl Bromide | Fair to Good, 50-90% | No longer used. Req. covering ground w/tarps. | ||
| Root knot nematode | Myrothecium verrucaria | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Post-plant. Expensive. Limited efficacy. Fungus fermentation byproduct. Low non-target toxicity | ||
| Root knot nematode | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | Previous crop has important impacts | ||
| Root knot nematode | Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate | 128904 | 7345-69-9 | Poor, 25-60% | Post-plant. Not used often. Restricted to pre-plan tor vineyards established > 1 year. |
| Root lesion nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | pre-plant, Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious. |
| Root lesion nematode | Chloropicrin + 1,3-Dichloropropene | Experiments underway in California | |||
| Root lesion nematode | Dominator | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Root lesion nematode | Green manures | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |||
| Root lesion nematode | Isothiocyanate cover crops | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Research underway | ||
| Root lesion nematode | LCF | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Root lesion nematode | metham sodium | Poor to Fair | Most common pre-plant treatment. Less effectivet han Telone, but cheaper, safer | ||
| Root lesion nematode | Methyl Bromide | Good, 80-90% | No longer used. Req. covering ground w/tarps. | ||
| Root lesion nematode | Myrothecium verrucaria | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Post-plant. Expensive. Limited efficacy. Fungus fermentation byproduct. Low non-target toxicity | ||
| Root lesion nematode | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | Previous crop has important impacts | ||
| Root lesion nematode | Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate | 128904 | 7345-69-9 | Poor to Fair | Post-plant. Not used often. Restricted to pre-plan tor vineyards established > 1 year. |
| Rugose w d c | disease-free planting material | Excellent, 90-100% | |||
| Rugose w d c | Variety selection | ||||
| Russian thistle | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Russian thistle | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Russian thistle | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Russian thistle | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Russian thistle | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Fair, 60-80% | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. |
| Russian thistle | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Russian thistle | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Russian thistle | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Russian thistle | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Russian thistle | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Russian thistle | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Russian thistle | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Russian thistle | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Russian thistle | Tillage | ||||
| Russian thistle | Tillage | ||||
| Russian thistle | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Sandbur | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Sandbur | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Sandbur | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Sandbur | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | ||
| Sandbur | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Sandbur | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Sandbur | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Sandbur | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Sandbur | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Sandbur | Tillage | ||||
| Scales | Carbaryl | 56801 | 63-25-2 | Poor, 25-60% | b |
| Scales | Chlorpyrifos | 59101 | 2921-88-2 | Good, 80-90% | - Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problem |
| Scales | Diazinon | 57801 | 59928-80-2 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Thrips | Abamectin | 122804 | 71751-41-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Thrips | Carbaryl | 56801 | 63-25-2 | Poor to Fair | Broadcast or aerial applied; must contact cutworms. |
| Thrips | Fenbutatin-oxide | 104601 | 13556-08-6 | Fair, 60-80% | |
| Thrips | Fenpropathrin | 127901 | 39515-41-8 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Best used as barrier spray against cutworm |
| Thrips | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Fair, 60-80% | Ground or aerial applied. |
| Thrips | Kaolin clay | 100104 | 1332-58-7 | Fair, 60-80% | Suppressive effect; may require another control for thrips. |
| Thrips | Potassium laurate | 79021 | 67701-09-1 | Fair, 60-80% | Organic-approved. Also has fungicidal properties; no residual; strong odor; timing is critical. |
| Thrips | Spinosad | 110003 | 168316-95-8 | Poor, 25-60% |
| Pest | Active Ingredient | PC Code | CAS | Rating | Description/Comments/Resistance Issues |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barnyardgrass | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Barnyardgrass | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Good, 80-90% | Non-bearing only. |
| Barnyardgrass | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Barnyardgrass | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Barnyardgrass | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Barnyardgrass | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Barnyardgrass | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Barnyardgrass | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Barnyardgrass | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Barnyardgrass | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Barnyardgrass | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | not registered and/or not effective | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Barnyardgrass | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Barnyardgrass | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Good, 80-90% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Barnyardgrass | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Barnyardgrass | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Barnyardgrass | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Barnyardgrass | Tillage | ||||
| Barnyardgrass | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Bermudagrass | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Extreme plant injury potential. |
| Bermudagrass | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Non-bearing only |
| Bermudagrass | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils. |
| Bermudagrass | Diquat dibromide | 32201 | 85-00-7 | Poor to Fair | Foliar treatment. Fair to good burndown of bemudagrass,but they grow back. |
| Bermudagrass | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Bermudagrass | Flaming | air quality concerns. | |||
| Bermudagrass | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | No data, but suspected of being efficacious | Most growers report poor efficacy across the board; some researchshows good efficacy onBermudagrass. Non-bearing only |
| Bermudagrass | flumioxazin | 129034 | 141490-50-8 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Bermudagrass | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Foliar treatment. |
| Bermudagrass | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinkleri-irrigated areas. |
| Bermudagrass | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; not for sand or gavel soils |
| Bermudagrass | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation. |
| Bermudagrass | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; can apply pre-or post emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Bermudagrass | Paraquat | 61603 | 4685-14-7 | Poor to Fair | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Bermudagrass | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Bermudagrass | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; |
| Bermudagrass | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor to Fair | Fair to good burndown of Bermudagrass but it grows back. |
| Bermudagrass | site selection & preparation | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Bermudagrass | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant. |
| Birds | Avian Predators | Growers encourage nesting sites within the vineyard | |||
| Birds | Netting | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Expensive | ||
| Birds | Scare devices | Fair, 60-80% | Need more options | ||
| Birds | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | |||
| Black vine weevil | Cultivation | Effective on black vine weevil in bud swell through bloom stage. | |||
| Black vine weevil | Fenpropathrin | 127901 | 39515-41-8 | Good, 80-90% | Effective against vine weevilas a foliar spray, but this use is discouraged due to disruption. |
| Canada thistle | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Canada thistle | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils. |
| Canada thistle | Diquat dibromide | 32201 | 85-00-7 | Poor to Fair | Foliar treatment. Fair to good burndown of Canada thistle, but they grow back. |
| Canada thistle | Flaming | air quality concerns. | |||
| Canada thistle | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Most growers report poor efficacy across the board; some researchshows good efficacy onBermudagrass. Non-bearing only |
| Canada thistle | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Foliar treatment. |
| Canada thistle | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinkler-irrigated areas. |
| Canada thistle | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; not for sand or gavel soils |
| Canada thistle | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation. |
| Canada thistle | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor to Fair | Soil active; can apply pre-or post emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Canada thistle | Paraquat | 61603 | 4685-14-7 | Poor to Fair | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Canada thistle | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Canada thistle | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; |
| Canada thistle | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Canada thistle | site selection & preparation | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Canada thistle | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant. |
| Citrus nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Pre-plant. Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious |
| Citrus nematode | Chloropicrin + 1,3-Dichloropropene | Experiments underway in California | |||
| Citrus nematode | Dominator | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Citrus nematode | Fenamiphos | 100601 | 22224-92-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Registration revoked in 2007. |
| Citrus nematode | Green manures | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |||
| Citrus nematode | Isothiocyanate cover crops | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Research underway | ||
| Citrus nematode | LCF | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Citrus nematode | metham sodium | Fair, 60-80% | Most common pre-plant treatment. Less effectivet han Telone, but cheaper, safer | ||
| Citrus nematode | Methyl Bromide | Good, 80-90% | No longer used. Req. covering ground w/tarps. | ||
| Citrus nematode | Myrothecium verrucaria | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Post-plant. Expensive. Limited efficacy. Fungus fermentation byproduct. Low non-target toxicity. | ||
| Citrus nematode | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | Previous crop has important impacts | ||
| Citrus nematode | Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate | 128904 | 7345-69-9 | Poor to Fair | Post-plant. Not used often. Restricted to pre-plan tor vineyards established > 1 year. |
| Common mallow | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor to Fair | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Common mallow | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Common mallow | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Common mallow | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Common mallow | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Common mallow | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Common mallow | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Poor to Good, 25-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Common mallow | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Common mallow | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Common mallow | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Common mallow | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Common mallow | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Poor to Good, 25-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Common mallow | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Common mallow | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Common mallow | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Common mallow | Tillage | ||||
| Common mallow | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Coyote | Fencing | Poor to Fair | Expensive | ||
| Coyote | Provide drinking water | Poor to Good, 25-90% | This discourages drip hose chewing | ||
| Crown gall | 2,4-xylenol and meta cresol | Poor, 25-60% | After-the-fact treatment; little used | ||
| Crown gall | Avoid mechanical/freezing | Good, 80-90% | |||
| Crown gall | disease-free planting material | Excellent, 90-100% | |||
| Crown gall | Insect Vector Control | Good, 80-90% | |||
| Crown gall | Iprodione | 109801 | 36734-19-7 | Fair, 60-80% | Used less than Elevate or Vangard |
| Crown gall | Irrigation management | ||||
| Crown gall | Mancozeb | 14504 | 8018-01-7 | Poor to Fair | |
| Crown gall | Soak cuttings in 129°F water | Good, 80-90% | |||
| Crown gall | Variety selection | ||||
| Cutworms | Carbaryl | 56801 | 63-25-2 | Poor to Fair | Broadcast or aerial applied; must contact cutworms. |
| Cutworms | Chlorpyrifos | 59101 | 2921-88-2 | Good, 80-90% | - Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problem |
| Cutworms | Diazinon | 57801 | 59928-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Cutworms | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Likely to exacerbate mite problems with repeated use. | |
| Cutworms | Lambda-cyhalothrin | 128897 | 91465-08-6 | Excellent, 90-100% | Barrier treatment. |
| Cutworms | malathion | 57701 | 121-75-5 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Cutworms | Spinosad | 110003 | 168316-95-8 | Fair, 60-80% | |
| Cutworms | Tebufenozide | 129026 | 112410-23-8 | Fair, 60-80% | |
| Cutworms | Zeta-cypermethrin | 129064 | Unknown | Excellent, 90-100% | Barrier treatment |
| Dagger nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Pre-plant. Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious |
| Dagger nematode | Chloropicrin + 1,3-Dichloropropene | Experiments underway in California | |||
| Dagger nematode | Dominator | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Dagger nematode | Fenamiphos | 100601 | 22224-92-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Registration revoked in 2007. |
| Dagger nematode | Green manures | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |||
| Dagger nematode | Isothiocyanate cover crops | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Research underway | ||
| Dagger nematode | LCF | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Dagger nematode | metham sodium | Fair, 60-80% | Most common pre-plant treatment. Less effectivet han Telone, but cheaper, safer | ||
| Dagger nematode | Methyl Bromide | Good, 80-90% | No longer used. Req. covering ground w/tarps. | ||
| Dagger nematode | Myrothecium verrucaria | Post-plant. Expensive. Limited efficacy. Fungus fermentation byproduct. Low non-target toxicity | |||
| Dagger nematode | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | Previous crop has important impacts | ||
| Dagger nematode | Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate | 128904 | 7345-69-9 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Post-plant. Not used often. Restricted to pre-plan tor vineyards established > 1 year. |
| Deer, elk, rabbits | Fencing | Good, 80-90% | Expensive | ||
| Deer, elk, rabbits | Plant shields | Good, 80-90% | |||
| Eutypa dieback | Benomyl | 99101 | 17804-35-2 | May be effective as a wound protectant;won’t eradicate fungus already present;won’t eradicate fungus already present;won’t eradicate fungus already present; | |
| Eutypa dieback | Pruning | Fair, 60-80% | Removal of infected trunks discourages Eutypa | ||
| Eutypa dieback | Thiophanate-methyl | 102001 | 23564-05-8 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Fiddleneck tarweed | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | Tillage | ||||
| Fiddleneck tarweed | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Good, 80-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Field bindweed | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Extreme plant injury potential. |
| Field bindweed | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Field bindweed | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils. |
| Field bindweed | Diquat dibromide | 32201 | 85-00-7 | Poor to Fair | Foliar treatment. Fair to good burndown of field bindweed,but they grow back. |
| Field bindweed | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Field bindweed | Flaming | air quality concerns. | |||
| Field bindweed | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Most growers report poor efficacy across the board; some researchshows good efficacy onBermudagrass. Non-bearing only. |
| Field bindweed | flumioxazin | 129034 | 141490-50-8 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Field bindweed | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Foliar treatment. |
| Field bindweed | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinkleri-irrigated areas. |
| Field bindweed | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; not for sand or g avel soils |
| Field bindweed | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation. |
| Field bindweed | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor to Fair | Soil active; can apply pre-or post emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Field bindweed | Paraquat | 61603 | 4685-14-7 | Poor to Fair | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Field bindweed | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Field bindweed | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; |
| Field bindweed | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Field bindweed | site selection & preparation | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Field bindweed | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor to Fair | Applied at pre-plant. |
| Foxtail | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Foxtail | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Good, 80-90% | Non-bearing only. |
| Foxtail | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Foxtail | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Foxtail | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Foxtail | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Fair control of green foxtail.good control of yellow. Non-bearing only. |
| Foxtail | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Foxtail | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Foxtail | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Foxtail | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Foxtail | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Foxtail | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Foxtail | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Foxtail | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Foxtail | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Good, 80-90% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Foxtail | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Foxtail | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Foxtail | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Foxtail | Tillage | ||||
| Foxtail | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Grape mealybug | Buprofezin | 275100 | 69327-76-0 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Shows promise; insect growth regulator; is compatible with biocontrol |
| Grape mealybug | Carbaryl | 56801 | 63-25-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Broadcast or aerial applied; must contact cutworms. |
| Grape mealybug | Chlorpyrifos | 59101 | 2921-88-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problem |
| Grape mealybug | Diazinon | 57801 | 59928-80-2 | Poor to Fair | |
| Grape mealybug | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Likely to exacerbate mite problems with repeated use. |
| Grape mealybug | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Ground or aerial applied. |
| Grape mealybug | Mealybug destroyer | Extremely effective mealybug predator;recently found in WA. | |||
| Grape mealybug | Oil | 0 | Poor to Fair | ||
| Grape mealybug | Phosmet | 59201 | 732-11-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Broadcast ground spray. |
| Grape mealybug | Potassium laurate | 79021 | 67701-09-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Organic-approved. Also has fungicidal properties; no residual; strong odor; timing is critical. |
| Grape mealybug | Potassium laurate | 79021 | 67701-09-1 | Fair, 60-80% | Organic-approved. Also has fungicidal properties; no residual; strong odor; timing is critical. |
| Grape mealybug | Thiamethoxam | 60109 | 153719-23-4 | Excellent, 90-100% | Chemigation formula. |
| Grape mealybug | thiamethoxam | 60109 | 153719-23-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Foliar formula. |
| Grapevine leafroll | disease-free planting material | Excellent, 90-100% | |||
| Grapevine leafroll | Variety selection | ||||
| Gray mold | Canopy Management | ||||
| Gray mold | copper compounds | ||||
| Gray mold | Cull infected clusters | Not practical on commercial scale | |||
| Gray mold | Cyprodinil (Vangard) | 288202 | 121552-61-2 | Good, 80-90% | Used less than Elevate |
| Gray mold | Cyprodinil + Fludioxonil | Excellent, 90-100% | |||
| Gray mold | Dicloran | 31301 | 99-30-9 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Used less than Elevate or Vangard |
| Gray mold | Fenhexamid | 90209 | 126833-17-8 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Gray mold | Fertilizer management | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Gray mold | Gamma aminobutyric acid | Poor, 25-60% | |||
| Gray mold | Irrigation management | ||||
| Gray mold | Tebuconazole | 128997 | 107534-96-3 | Good, 80-90% | DMI |
| Gray mold | Trellising | ||||
| Gray mold | Trifloxystrobin | 129112 | 141517-21-7 | Fair, 60-80% | Strobilurin. Longest (21-day) spray interval in its class |
| Hornworm/lepidtopt. | Removal of alternate hosts | Evening primrose is an alternate host for hornworm and other Lepidoptera. | |||
| Horsetail (equisetum) | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair, 60-80% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Diquat dibromide | 32201 | 85-00-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Foliar treatment. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Flaming | Not Stand Alone | air quality concerns. | ||
| Horsetail (equisetum) | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Most growers report poor efficacy across the board; some researchshows good efficacy onBermudagrass. Non-bearing only |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Poor, 25-60% | Foliar treatment. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinkler-irrigated areas. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; not for sand or gavel soils |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; can apply pre-or post emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Paraquat | 61603 | 4685-14-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | site selection & preparation | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Horsetail (equisetum) | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant. |
| Knapweed | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Extreme plant injury potential.Results may improve on knapweed with optimal timing. |
| Knapweed | Diquat dibromide | 32201 | 85-00-7 | Poor to Fair | Foliar treatment. Fair to good burndown of knapweed, but they grow back. |
| Knapweed | Flaming | air quality concerns. | |||
| Knapweed | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Most growers report poor efficacy across the board; some researchshows good efficacy onBermudagrass. Non-bearing only |
| Knapweed | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Foliar treatment. |
| Knapweed | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinkleri-irrigated areas. |
| Knapweed | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation. |
| Knapweed | Paraquat | 61603 | 4685-14-7 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Knapweed | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Knapweed | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; |
| Knapweed | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Knapweed | site selection & preparation | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Knapweed | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant. |
| Knotweed | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Kochia (als) | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Kochia (als) | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only. |
| Kochia (als) | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Kochia (als) | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Kochia (als) | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Kochia (als) | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Kochia (als) | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say more research needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Kochia (als) | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Kochia (als) | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Kochia (als) | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor to Fair | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Kochia (als) | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Kochia (als) | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Kochia (als) | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Kochia (als) | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Kochia (als) | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Kochia (als) | Tillage | ||||
| Kochia (als) | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Good, 80-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Lambsquarters | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Good, 80-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Lambsquarters | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only. |
| Lambsquarters | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Lambsquarters | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Lambsquarters | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Lambsquarters | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Lambsquarters | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season. |
| Lambsquarters | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Lambsquarters | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Lambsquarters | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Lambsquarters | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Lambsquarters | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Poor to Good, 25-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns. |
| Lambsquarters | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Good, 80-90% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Lambsquarters | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Lambsquarters | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Lambsquarters | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers. |
| Lambsquarters | Tillage | ||||
| Lambsquarters | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Good, 80-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately. |
| Leafhoppters | Acetamiprid | 99050 | 135410-20-7 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |
| Leafhoppters | Buprofezin | 275100 | 69327-76-0 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Shows promise; insect growth regulator; is compatible with biocontrol |
| Leafhoppters | Canopy Management | Poor to Good, 25-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Leafhoppters | Carbaryl | 56801 | 63-25-2 | Poor to Fair | Broadcast or aerial applied; must contact cutworms. |
| Leafhoppters | Chlorpyrifos | 59101 | 2921-88-2 | Poor, 25-60% | - Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problem |
| Leafhoppters | Diazinon | 57801 | 59928-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Leafhoppters | dimethoate | 35001 | 60-51-5 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Tolerance being revoked. |
| Leafhoppters | Endosulfan | 79401 | 115-29-7 | Fair, 60-80% | - Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problem |
| Leafhoppters | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Likely to exacerbate mite problems with repeated use. |
| Leafhoppters | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Most popular leafhopper control.Ground or aerial applied. |
| Leafhoppters | Irrigation management | ||||
| Leafhoppters | Kaolin clay | 100104 | 1332-58-7 | Fair, 60-80% | Suppressive effect; |
| Leafhoppters | Lambda-cyhalothrin | 128897 | 91465-08-6 | Good, 80-90% | Barrier treatment. |
| Leafhoppters | malathion | 57701 | 121-75-5 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Leafhoppters | Methomyl | 90301 | 27519-02-4 | Excellent, 90-100% | May combine with oil. Most effective early. |
| Leafhoppters | Parasitoid wasps * | Can play important role in IPM against leafhopper. | |||
| Leafhoppters | thiamethoxam | 60109 | 153719-23-4 | Excellent, 90-100% | Foliar formula. |
| Leafhoppters | Thiamethoxam | 60109 | 153719-23-4 | Excellent, 90-100% | Chemigation formula. |
| Leafhoppters | Zeta-cypermethrin | 129064 | Unknown | Good, 80-90% | Barrier treatment |
| Marestail/horseweed | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing |
| Marestail/horseweed | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Marestail/horseweed | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Marestail/horseweed | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Marestail/horseweed | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Marestail/horseweed | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Marestail/horseweed | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Marestail/horseweed | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | not registered and/or not effective | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Marestail/horseweed | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Marestail/horseweed | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Marestail/horseweed | Tillage | ||||
| Marestail/horseweed | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Fair, 60-80% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Mites | Abamectin | 122804 | 71751-41-2 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Mites | Bifenazate | 586 | 149877-41-8 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | |
| Mites | Dicofol (Kelthane 50WS) +horticultural oil | Fair, 60-80% | |||
| Mites | dimethoate | 35001 | 60-51-5 | Fair, 60-80% | Tolerance being revoked. |
| Mites | Endosulfan | 79401 | 115-29-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problems |
| Mites | malathion | 57701 | 121-75-5 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Mites | Methomyl | 90301 | 27519-02-4 | May combine with oil. Most effective early. | |
| Mites | Potassium laurate | 79021 | 67701-09-1 | Fair, 60-80% | Organic-approved. Also has fungicidal properties; no residual; strong odor; timing is critical. |
| Mites | Predatory mites * | ||||
| Mites | Propargite | 97601 | 2312-35-8 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Mustard | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Good, 80-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Mustard | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only. |
| Mustard | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Mustard | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Mustard | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Mustard | Flumioxazin | 129034 | 141490-50-8 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Mustard | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Mustard | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Mustard | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Mustard | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor to Fair | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Mustard | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Mustard | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Mustard | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Mustard | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Mustard | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Mustard | Tillage | ||||
| Nematode-vectored viruses | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Nematode control; may delay re-infection |
| Nematode-vectored viruses | disease-free planting material | Excellent, 90-100% | |||
| Nematode-vectored viruses | Metam Sodium | Good, 80-90% | Nematode control; may delay re-infection | ||
| Nematode-vectored viruses | Methyl bromide | 53201 | 74-83-9 | Good, 80-90% | Nematode control; may delay re-infection |
| Nematode-vectored viruses | Variety selection | ||||
| Nightshade | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Good, 80-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Nightshade | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Nightshade | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Nightshade | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Nightshade | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Nightshade | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Nightshade | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Nightshade | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Nightshade | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Nightshade | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Nightshade | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Nightshade | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Nightshade | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Nightshade | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Nightshade | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Nightshade | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Nightshade | Tillage | ||||
| Nightshade | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Nuisance pests (vinegar & fruit fly, yellowjacket) | malathion | 57701 | 121-75-5 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Phylloxera | Diazinon | 57801 | 59928-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Phylloxera | dimethoate | 35001 | 60-51-5 | Excellent, 90-100% | Tolerance being revoked. |
| Phylloxera | Endosulfan | 79401 | 115-29-7 | Fair, 60-80% | Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problems |
| Powdery mildew | Azoxystrobin | 128810 | 131860-33-8 | Good, 80-90% | Strobilurin |
| Powdery mildew | Bacillus subtilis QST-713 | 6479 | Unknown | Poor, 25-60% | Not cost-effective; takes too long to work. |
| Powdery mildew | Boscalid + Pyraclostrobin | new | |||
| Powdery mildew | Canopy Management | ||||
| Powdery mildew | copper compounds | Poor to Fair | |||
| Powdery mildew | Cull infected clusters | Not practical on commercial scale | |||
| Powdery mildew | Fenarimol | 206600 | 60168-88-9 | Good, 80-90% | Most popular DMI |
| Powdery mildew | Fertilizer management | ||||
| Powdery mildew | Gamma aminobutyric acid | Poor to Fair | |||
| Powdery mildew | Harpin Protein | 6477 | 151438-54-9 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Powdery mildew | Irrigation management | ||||
| Powdery mildew | kresoxim-methyl | 129111 | 143390-89-0 | Good, 80-90% | Strobilurin |
| Powdery mildew | Myclobutanil | 128857 | 88671-89-0 | Good, 80-90% | DMI |
| Powdery mildew | neem oil | 0 | Poor, 25-60% | Expensive, marginally effective | |
| Powdery mildew | Oils | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Cannot be applied with or within 3 wks of sulfur or when below freezing or | ||
| Powdery mildew | Potassium bicarbonate | 73508 | 298-14-6 | Poor to Fair | Organic-approved; cannot be mixed with other controls; no residual activity |
| Powdery mildew | Potassium laurate | 79021 | 67701-09-1 | Poor to Fair | Organic-approved. |
| Powdery mildew | Pruning | ||||
| Powdery mildew | quinoxyfen | 55459 | 878790-59-1 | Excellent, 90-100% | |
| Powdery mildew | Sulfur | 77501 | 7704-34-9 | Fair, 60-80% | Micronized flowable form |
| Powdery mildew | sulfur – dust | Fair to Good, 50-90% | May be linked to increased mite pressure | ||
| Powdery mildew | Tebuconazole | 128997 | 107534-96-3 | Good, 80-90% | DMI |
| Powdery mildew | Trellising | ||||
| Powdery mildew | Trifloxystrobin | 129112 | 141517-21-7 | Good, 80-90% | Strobilurin. Longest (21-day) spray interval in its class |
| Powdery mildew | triflumizole | 128879 | 68694-11-1 | Good, 80-90% | DMI |
| Powdery mildew | Variety selection | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Prickly lettuce | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor to Fair | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Prickly lettuce | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Prickly lettuce | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Prickly lettuce | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Prickly lettuce | Flumioxazin | 129034 | 141490-50-8 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Prickly lettuce | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Prickly lettuce | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Prickly lettuce | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Prickly lettuce | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Prickly lettuce | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Prickly lettuce | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Poor to Good, 25-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Prickly lettuce | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Prickly lettuce | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Prickly lettuce | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Prickly lettuce | Tillage | ||||
| Prickly lettuce | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Puncturevine | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Good, 80-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Puncturevine | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Puncturevine | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Puncturevine | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Puncturevine | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Puncturevine | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Puncturevine | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Puncturevine | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Puncturevine | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Puncturevine | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Not Used | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Puncturevine | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Puncturevine | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Puncturevine | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Puncturevine | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Puncturevine | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Puncturevine | Tillage | ||||
| Puncturevine | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Good, 80-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Redstem fillaree | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Good, 80-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Redstem fillaree | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only. |
| Redstem fillaree | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Redstem fillaree | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Redstem fillaree | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Redstem fillaree | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | not registered and/or not effective | Non-bearing only |
| Redstem fillaree | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Redstem fillaree | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Redstem fillaree | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Redstem fillaree | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Redstem fillaree | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Fair, 60-80% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Redstem fillaree | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Redstem fillaree | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Redstem fillaree | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Redstem fillaree | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Redstem fillaree | Tillage | ||||
| Redstem fillaree | Tillage | ||||
| Redstem fillaree | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Ring nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Pre-plant. Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious |
| Ring nematode | Chloropicrin + 1,3-Dichloropropene | Experiments underway in California | |||
| Ring nematode | Dominator | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Ring nematode | Fenamiphos | 100601 | 22224-92-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Registration revoked in 2007. |
| Ring nematode | Green manures | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |||
| Ring nematode | Isothiocyanate cover crops | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Research underway | ||
| Ring nematode | LCF | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Ring nematode | metham sodium | Fair, 60-80% | Most common pre-plant treatment. Less effectivet han Telone, but cheaper, safer | ||
| Ring nematode | Methyl Bromide | Good, 80-90% | No longer used. Req. covering ground w/tarps. | ||
| Ring nematode | Myrothecium verrucaria | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Post-plant. Expensive. Limited efficacy. Fungus fermentation byproduct. Low non-target toxicity | ||
| Ring nematode | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | Previous crop has important impacts | ||
| Ring nematode | Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate | 128904 | 7345-69-9 | Poor to Fair | Post-plant. Not used often. Restricted to pre-plan tor vineyards established > 1 year. |
| Rodents | Avian Predators | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone Growers encourage nesting sites within the vineyard | ||
| Rodents | Zinc Phosphide | 88601 | 1314-84-7 | Only for extreme infestations | |
| Root knot nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Pre-plant. Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious |
| Root knot nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Pre-plant. Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious |
| Root knot nematode | Chloropicrin + 1,3-Dichloropropene | Experiments underway in California | |||
| Root knot nematode | Dominator | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Root knot nematode | Fenamiphos | 100601 | 22224-92-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Registration revoked in 2007. |
| Root knot nematode | Green manures | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |||
| Root knot nematode | Isothiocyanate cover crops | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Research underway | ||
| Root knot nematode | LCF | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Root knot nematode | metham sodium | Poor to Fair | Most common pre-plant treatment. Less effectivet han Telone, but cheaper, safer | ||
| Root knot nematode | Methyl Bromide | Fair to Good, 50-90% | No longer used. Req. covering ground w/tarps. | ||
| Root knot nematode | Myrothecium verrucaria | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Post-plant. Expensive. Limited efficacy. Fungus fermentation byproduct. Low non-target toxicity | ||
| Root knot nematode | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | Previous crop has important impacts | ||
| Root knot nematode | Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate | 128904 | 7345-69-9 | Poor, 25-60% | Post-plant. Not used often. Restricted to pre-plan tor vineyards established > 1 year. |
| Root lesion nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | pre-plant, Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious. |
| Root lesion nematode | Chloropicrin + 1,3-Dichloropropene | Experiments underway in California | |||
| Root lesion nematode | Dominator | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Root lesion nematode | Green manures | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |||
| Root lesion nematode | Isothiocyanate cover crops | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Research underway | ||
| Root lesion nematode | LCF | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Root lesion nematode | metham sodium | Poor to Fair | Most common pre-plant treatment. Less effectivet han Telone, but cheaper, safer | ||
| Root lesion nematode | Methyl Bromide | Good, 80-90% | No longer used. Req. covering ground w/tarps. | ||
| Root lesion nematode | Myrothecium verrucaria | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Post-plant. Expensive. Limited efficacy. Fungus fermentation byproduct. Low non-target toxicity | ||
| Root lesion nematode | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | Previous crop has important impacts | ||
| Root lesion nematode | Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate | 128904 | 7345-69-9 | Poor to Fair | Post-plant. Not used often. Restricted to pre-plan tor vineyards established > 1 year. |
| Rugose w d c | disease-free planting material | Excellent, 90-100% | |||
| Rugose w d c | Variety selection | ||||
| Russian thistle | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Russian thistle | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Russian thistle | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Russian thistle | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Russian thistle | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Fair, 60-80% | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. |
| Russian thistle | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Russian thistle | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Russian thistle | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Russian thistle | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Russian thistle | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Russian thistle | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Russian thistle | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Russian thistle | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Russian thistle | Tillage | ||||
| Russian thistle | Tillage | ||||
| Russian thistle | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Sandbur | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Sandbur | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Sandbur | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Sandbur | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | ||
| Sandbur | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Sandbur | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Sandbur | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Sandbur | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Sandbur | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Sandbur | Tillage | ||||
| Scales | Carbaryl | 56801 | 63-25-2 | Poor, 25-60% | b |
| Scales | Chlorpyrifos | 59101 | 2921-88-2 | Good, 80-90% | - Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problem |
| Scales | Diazinon | 57801 | 59928-80-2 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Thrips | Abamectin | 122804 | 71751-41-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Thrips | Carbaryl | 56801 | 63-25-2 | Poor to Fair | Broadcast or aerial applied; must contact cutworms. |
| Thrips | Fenbutatin-oxide | 104601 | 13556-08-6 | Fair, 60-80% | |
| Thrips | Fenpropathrin | 127901 | 39515-41-8 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Best used as barrier spray against cutworm |
| Thrips | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Fair, 60-80% | Ground or aerial applied. |
| Thrips | Kaolin clay | 100104 | 1332-58-7 | Fair, 60-80% | Suppressive effect; may require another control for thrips. |
| Thrips | Potassium laurate | 79021 | 67701-09-1 | Fair, 60-80% | Organic-approved. Also has fungicidal properties; no residual; strong odor; timing is critical. |
| Thrips | Spinosad | 110003 | 168316-95-8 | Poor, 25-60% |
| Pest | Active Ingredient | PC Code | CAS | Rating | Description/Comments/Resistance Issues |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barnyardgrass | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Barnyardgrass | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Good, 80-90% | Non-bearing only. |
| Barnyardgrass | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Barnyardgrass | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Barnyardgrass | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Barnyardgrass | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Barnyardgrass | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Barnyardgrass | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Barnyardgrass | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Barnyardgrass | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Barnyardgrass | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | not registered and/or not effective | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Barnyardgrass | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Barnyardgrass | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Good, 80-90% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Barnyardgrass | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Barnyardgrass | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Barnyardgrass | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Barnyardgrass | Tillage | ||||
| Barnyardgrass | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Bermudagrass | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Extreme plant injury potential. |
| Bermudagrass | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Non-bearing only |
| Bermudagrass | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils. |
| Bermudagrass | Diquat dibromide | 32201 | 85-00-7 | Poor to Fair | Foliar treatment. Fair to good burndown of bemudagrass,but they grow back. |
| Bermudagrass | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Bermudagrass | Flaming | air quality concerns. | |||
| Bermudagrass | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | No data, but suspected of being efficacious | Most growers report poor efficacy across the board; some researchshows good efficacy onBermudagrass. Non-bearing only |
| Bermudagrass | flumioxazin | 129034 | 141490-50-8 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Bermudagrass | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Foliar treatment. |
| Bermudagrass | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinkleri-irrigated areas. |
| Bermudagrass | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; not for sand or gavel soils |
| Bermudagrass | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation. |
| Bermudagrass | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; can apply pre-or post emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Bermudagrass | Paraquat | 61603 | 4685-14-7 | Poor to Fair | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Bermudagrass | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Bermudagrass | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; |
| Bermudagrass | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor to Fair | Fair to good burndown of Bermudagrass but it grows back. |
| Bermudagrass | site selection & preparation | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Bermudagrass | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant. |
| Birds | Avian Predators | Growers encourage nesting sites within the vineyard | |||
| Birds | Netting | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Expensive | ||
| Birds | Scare devices | Fair, 60-80% | Need more options | ||
| Birds | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | |||
| Black vine weevil | Cultivation | Effective on black vine weevil in bud swell through bloom stage. | |||
| Black vine weevil | Fenpropathrin | 127901 | 39515-41-8 | Good, 80-90% | Effective against vine weevilas a foliar spray, but this use is discouraged due to disruption. |
| Canada thistle | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Canada thistle | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils. |
| Canada thistle | Diquat dibromide | 32201 | 85-00-7 | Poor to Fair | Foliar treatment. Fair to good burndown of Canada thistle, but they grow back. |
| Canada thistle | Flaming | air quality concerns. | |||
| Canada thistle | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Most growers report poor efficacy across the board; some researchshows good efficacy onBermudagrass. Non-bearing only |
| Canada thistle | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Foliar treatment. |
| Canada thistle | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinkler-irrigated areas. |
| Canada thistle | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; not for sand or gavel soils |
| Canada thistle | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation. |
| Canada thistle | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor to Fair | Soil active; can apply pre-or post emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Canada thistle | Paraquat | 61603 | 4685-14-7 | Poor to Fair | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Canada thistle | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Canada thistle | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; |
| Canada thistle | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Canada thistle | site selection & preparation | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Canada thistle | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant. |
| Citrus nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Pre-plant. Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious |
| Citrus nematode | Chloropicrin + 1,3-Dichloropropene | Experiments underway in California | |||
| Citrus nematode | Dominator | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Citrus nematode | Fenamiphos | 100601 | 22224-92-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Registration revoked in 2007. |
| Citrus nematode | Green manures | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |||
| Citrus nematode | Isothiocyanate cover crops | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Research underway | ||
| Citrus nematode | LCF | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Citrus nematode | metham sodium | Fair, 60-80% | Most common pre-plant treatment. Less effectivet han Telone, but cheaper, safer | ||
| Citrus nematode | Methyl Bromide | Good, 80-90% | No longer used. Req. covering ground w/tarps. | ||
| Citrus nematode | Myrothecium verrucaria | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Post-plant. Expensive. Limited efficacy. Fungus fermentation byproduct. Low non-target toxicity. | ||
| Citrus nematode | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | Previous crop has important impacts | ||
| Citrus nematode | Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate | 128904 | 7345-69-9 | Poor to Fair | Post-plant. Not used often. Restricted to pre-plan tor vineyards established > 1 year. |
| Common mallow | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor to Fair | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Common mallow | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Common mallow | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Common mallow | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Common mallow | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Common mallow | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Common mallow | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Poor to Good, 25-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Common mallow | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Common mallow | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Common mallow | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Common mallow | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Common mallow | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Poor to Good, 25-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Common mallow | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Common mallow | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Common mallow | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Common mallow | Tillage | ||||
| Common mallow | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Coyote | Fencing | Poor to Fair | Expensive | ||
| Coyote | Provide drinking water | Poor to Good, 25-90% | This discourages drip hose chewing | ||
| Crown gall | 2,4-xylenol and meta cresol | Poor, 25-60% | After-the-fact treatment; little used | ||
| Crown gall | Avoid mechanical/freezing | Good, 80-90% | |||
| Crown gall | disease-free planting material | Excellent, 90-100% | |||
| Crown gall | Insect Vector Control | Good, 80-90% | |||
| Crown gall | Iprodione | 109801 | 36734-19-7 | Fair, 60-80% | Used less than Elevate or Vangard |
| Crown gall | Irrigation management | ||||
| Crown gall | Mancozeb | 14504 | 8018-01-7 | Poor to Fair | |
| Crown gall | Soak cuttings in 129°F water | Good, 80-90% | |||
| Crown gall | Variety selection | ||||
| Cutworms | Carbaryl | 56801 | 63-25-2 | Poor to Fair | Broadcast or aerial applied; must contact cutworms. |
| Cutworms | Chlorpyrifos | 59101 | 2921-88-2 | Good, 80-90% | - Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problem |
| Cutworms | Diazinon | 57801 | 59928-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Cutworms | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Likely to exacerbate mite problems with repeated use. | |
| Cutworms | Lambda-cyhalothrin | 128897 | 91465-08-6 | Excellent, 90-100% | Barrier treatment. |
| Cutworms | malathion | 57701 | 121-75-5 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Cutworms | Spinosad | 110003 | 168316-95-8 | Fair, 60-80% | |
| Cutworms | Tebufenozide | 129026 | 112410-23-8 | Fair, 60-80% | |
| Cutworms | Zeta-cypermethrin | 129064 | Unknown | Excellent, 90-100% | Barrier treatment |
| Dagger nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Pre-plant. Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious |
| Dagger nematode | Chloropicrin + 1,3-Dichloropropene | Experiments underway in California | |||
| Dagger nematode | Dominator | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Dagger nematode | Fenamiphos | 100601 | 22224-92-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Registration revoked in 2007. |
| Dagger nematode | Green manures | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |||
| Dagger nematode | Isothiocyanate cover crops | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Research underway | ||
| Dagger nematode | LCF | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Dagger nematode | metham sodium | Fair, 60-80% | Most common pre-plant treatment. Less effectivet han Telone, but cheaper, safer | ||
| Dagger nematode | Methyl Bromide | Good, 80-90% | No longer used. Req. covering ground w/tarps. | ||
| Dagger nematode | Myrothecium verrucaria | Post-plant. Expensive. Limited efficacy. Fungus fermentation byproduct. Low non-target toxicity | |||
| Dagger nematode | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | Previous crop has important impacts | ||
| Dagger nematode | Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate | 128904 | 7345-69-9 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Post-plant. Not used often. Restricted to pre-plan tor vineyards established > 1 year. |
| Deer, elk, rabbits | Fencing | Good, 80-90% | Expensive | ||
| Deer, elk, rabbits | Plant shields | Good, 80-90% | |||
| Eutypa dieback | Benomyl | 99101 | 17804-35-2 | May be effective as a wound protectant;won’t eradicate fungus already present;won’t eradicate fungus already present;won’t eradicate fungus already present; | |
| Eutypa dieback | Pruning | Fair, 60-80% | Removal of infected trunks discourages Eutypa | ||
| Eutypa dieback | Thiophanate-methyl | 102001 | 23564-05-8 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Fiddleneck tarweed | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | Tillage | ||||
| Fiddleneck tarweed | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Good, 80-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Field bindweed | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Extreme plant injury potential. |
| Field bindweed | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Field bindweed | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils. |
| Field bindweed | Diquat dibromide | 32201 | 85-00-7 | Poor to Fair | Foliar treatment. Fair to good burndown of field bindweed,but they grow back. |
| Field bindweed | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Field bindweed | Flaming | air quality concerns. | |||
| Field bindweed | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Most growers report poor efficacy across the board; some researchshows good efficacy onBermudagrass. Non-bearing only. |
| Field bindweed | flumioxazin | 129034 | 141490-50-8 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Field bindweed | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Foliar treatment. |
| Field bindweed | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinkleri-irrigated areas. |
| Field bindweed | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; not for sand or g avel soils |
| Field bindweed | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation. |
| Field bindweed | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor to Fair | Soil active; can apply pre-or post emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Field bindweed | Paraquat | 61603 | 4685-14-7 | Poor to Fair | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Field bindweed | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Field bindweed | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; |
| Field bindweed | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Field bindweed | site selection & preparation | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Field bindweed | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor to Fair | Applied at pre-plant. |
| Foxtail | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Foxtail | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Good, 80-90% | Non-bearing only. |
| Foxtail | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Foxtail | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Foxtail | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Foxtail | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Fair control of green foxtail.good control of yellow. Non-bearing only. |
| Foxtail | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Foxtail | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Foxtail | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Foxtail | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Foxtail | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Foxtail | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Foxtail | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Foxtail | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Foxtail | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Good, 80-90% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Foxtail | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Foxtail | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Foxtail | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Foxtail | Tillage | ||||
| Foxtail | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Grape mealybug | Buprofezin | 275100 | 69327-76-0 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Shows promise; insect growth regulator; is compatible with biocontrol |
| Grape mealybug | Carbaryl | 56801 | 63-25-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Broadcast or aerial applied; must contact cutworms. |
| Grape mealybug | Chlorpyrifos | 59101 | 2921-88-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problem |
| Grape mealybug | Diazinon | 57801 | 59928-80-2 | Poor to Fair | |
| Grape mealybug | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Likely to exacerbate mite problems with repeated use. |
| Grape mealybug | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Ground or aerial applied. |
| Grape mealybug | Mealybug destroyer | Extremely effective mealybug predator;recently found in WA. | |||
| Grape mealybug | Oil | 0 | Poor to Fair | ||
| Grape mealybug | Phosmet | 59201 | 732-11-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Broadcast ground spray. |
| Grape mealybug | Potassium laurate | 79021 | 67701-09-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Organic-approved. Also has fungicidal properties; no residual; strong odor; timing is critical. |
| Grape mealybug | Potassium laurate | 79021 | 67701-09-1 | Fair, 60-80% | Organic-approved. Also has fungicidal properties; no residual; strong odor; timing is critical. |
| Grape mealybug | Thiamethoxam | 60109 | 153719-23-4 | Excellent, 90-100% | Chemigation formula. |
| Grape mealybug | thiamethoxam | 60109 | 153719-23-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Foliar formula. |
| Grapevine leafroll | disease-free planting material | Excellent, 90-100% | |||
| Grapevine leafroll | Variety selection | ||||
| Gray mold | Canopy Management | ||||
| Gray mold | copper compounds | ||||
| Gray mold | Cull infected clusters | Not practical on commercial scale | |||
| Gray mold | Cyprodinil (Vangard) | 288202 | 121552-61-2 | Good, 80-90% | Used less than Elevate |
| Gray mold | Cyprodinil + Fludioxonil | Excellent, 90-100% | |||
| Gray mold | Dicloran | 31301 | 99-30-9 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Used less than Elevate or Vangard |
| Gray mold | Fenhexamid | 90209 | 126833-17-8 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Gray mold | Fertilizer management | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Gray mold | Gamma aminobutyric acid | Poor, 25-60% | |||
| Gray mold | Irrigation management | ||||
| Gray mold | Tebuconazole | 128997 | 107534-96-3 | Good, 80-90% | DMI |
| Gray mold | Trellising | ||||
| Gray mold | Trifloxystrobin | 129112 | 141517-21-7 | Fair, 60-80% | Strobilurin. Longest (21-day) spray interval in its class |
| Hornworm/lepidtopt. | Removal of alternate hosts | Evening primrose is an alternate host for hornworm and other Lepidoptera. | |||
| Horsetail (equisetum) | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair, 60-80% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Diquat dibromide | 32201 | 85-00-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Foliar treatment. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Flaming | Not Stand Alone | air quality concerns. | ||
| Horsetail (equisetum) | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Most growers report poor efficacy across the board; some researchshows good efficacy onBermudagrass. Non-bearing only |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Poor, 25-60% | Foliar treatment. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinkler-irrigated areas. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; not for sand or gavel soils |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; can apply pre-or post emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Paraquat | 61603 | 4685-14-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | site selection & preparation | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Horsetail (equisetum) | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant. |
| Knapweed | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Extreme plant injury potential.Results may improve on knapweed with optimal timing. |
| Knapweed | Diquat dibromide | 32201 | 85-00-7 | Poor to Fair | Foliar treatment. Fair to good burndown of knapweed, but they grow back. |
| Knapweed | Flaming | air quality concerns. | |||
| Knapweed | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Most growers report poor efficacy across the board; some researchshows good efficacy onBermudagrass. Non-bearing only |
| Knapweed | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Foliar treatment. |
| Knapweed | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinkleri-irrigated areas. |
| Knapweed | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation. |
| Knapweed | Paraquat | 61603 | 4685-14-7 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Knapweed | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Knapweed | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; |
| Knapweed | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Knapweed | site selection & preparation | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Knapweed | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant. |
| Knotweed | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Kochia (als) | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Kochia (als) | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only. |
| Kochia (als) | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Kochia (als) | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Kochia (als) | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Kochia (als) | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Kochia (als) | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say more research needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Kochia (als) | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Kochia (als) | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Kochia (als) | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor to Fair | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Kochia (als) | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Kochia (als) | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Kochia (als) | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Kochia (als) | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Kochia (als) | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Kochia (als) | Tillage | ||||
| Kochia (als) | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Good, 80-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Lambsquarters | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Good, 80-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Lambsquarters | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only. |
| Lambsquarters | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Lambsquarters | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Lambsquarters | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Lambsquarters | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Lambsquarters | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season. |
| Lambsquarters | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Lambsquarters | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Lambsquarters | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Lambsquarters | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Lambsquarters | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Poor to Good, 25-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns. |
| Lambsquarters | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Good, 80-90% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Lambsquarters | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Lambsquarters | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Lambsquarters | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers. |
| Lambsquarters | Tillage | ||||
| Lambsquarters | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Good, 80-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately. |
| Leafhoppters | Acetamiprid | 99050 | 135410-20-7 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |
| Leafhoppters | Buprofezin | 275100 | 69327-76-0 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Shows promise; insect growth regulator; is compatible with biocontrol |
| Leafhoppters | Canopy Management | Poor to Good, 25-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Leafhoppters | Carbaryl | 56801 | 63-25-2 | Poor to Fair | Broadcast or aerial applied; must contact cutworms. |
| Leafhoppters | Chlorpyrifos | 59101 | 2921-88-2 | Poor, 25-60% | - Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problem |
| Leafhoppters | Diazinon | 57801 | 59928-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Leafhoppters | dimethoate | 35001 | 60-51-5 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Tolerance being revoked. |
| Leafhoppters | Endosulfan | 79401 | 115-29-7 | Fair, 60-80% | - Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problem |
| Leafhoppters | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Likely to exacerbate mite problems with repeated use. |
| Leafhoppters | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Most popular leafhopper control.Ground or aerial applied. |
| Leafhoppters | Irrigation management | ||||
| Leafhoppters | Kaolin clay | 100104 | 1332-58-7 | Fair, 60-80% | Suppressive effect; |
| Leafhoppters | Lambda-cyhalothrin | 128897 | 91465-08-6 | Good, 80-90% | Barrier treatment. |
| Leafhoppters | malathion | 57701 | 121-75-5 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Leafhoppters | Methomyl | 90301 | 27519-02-4 | Excellent, 90-100% | May combine with oil. Most effective early. |
| Leafhoppters | Parasitoid wasps * | Can play important role in IPM against leafhopper. | |||
| Leafhoppters | thiamethoxam | 60109 | 153719-23-4 | Excellent, 90-100% | Foliar formula. |
| Leafhoppters | Thiamethoxam | 60109 | 153719-23-4 | Excellent, 90-100% | Chemigation formula. |
| Leafhoppters | Zeta-cypermethrin | 129064 | Unknown | Good, 80-90% | Barrier treatment |
| Marestail/horseweed | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing |
| Marestail/horseweed | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Marestail/horseweed | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Marestail/horseweed | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Marestail/horseweed | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Marestail/horseweed | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Marestail/horseweed | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Marestail/horseweed | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | not registered and/or not effective | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Marestail/horseweed | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Marestail/horseweed | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Marestail/horseweed | Tillage | ||||
| Marestail/horseweed | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Fair, 60-80% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Mites | Abamectin | 122804 | 71751-41-2 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Mites | Bifenazate | 586 | 149877-41-8 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | |
| Mites | Dicofol (Kelthane 50WS) +horticultural oil | Fair, 60-80% | |||
| Mites | dimethoate | 35001 | 60-51-5 | Fair, 60-80% | Tolerance being revoked. |
| Mites | Endosulfan | 79401 | 115-29-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problems |
| Mites | malathion | 57701 | 121-75-5 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Mites | Methomyl | 90301 | 27519-02-4 | May combine with oil. Most effective early. | |
| Mites | Potassium laurate | 79021 | 67701-09-1 | Fair, 60-80% | Organic-approved. Also has fungicidal properties; no residual; strong odor; timing is critical. |
| Mites | Predatory mites * | ||||
| Mites | Propargite | 97601 | 2312-35-8 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Mustard | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Good, 80-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Mustard | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only. |
| Mustard | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Mustard | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Mustard | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Mustard | Flumioxazin | 129034 | 141490-50-8 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Mustard | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Mustard | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Mustard | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Mustard | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor to Fair | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Mustard | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Mustard | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Mustard | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Mustard | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Mustard | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Mustard | Tillage | ||||
| Nematode-vectored viruses | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Nematode control; may delay re-infection |
| Nematode-vectored viruses | disease-free planting material | Excellent, 90-100% | |||
| Nematode-vectored viruses | Metam Sodium | Good, 80-90% | Nematode control; may delay re-infection | ||
| Nematode-vectored viruses | Methyl bromide | 53201 | 74-83-9 | Good, 80-90% | Nematode control; may delay re-infection |
| Nematode-vectored viruses | Variety selection | ||||
| Nightshade | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Good, 80-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Nightshade | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Nightshade | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Nightshade | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Nightshade | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Nightshade | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Nightshade | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Nightshade | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Nightshade | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Nightshade | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Nightshade | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Nightshade | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Nightshade | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Nightshade | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Nightshade | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Nightshade | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Nightshade | Tillage | ||||
| Nightshade | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Nuisance pests (vinegar & fruit fly, yellowjacket) | malathion | 57701 | 121-75-5 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Phylloxera | Diazinon | 57801 | 59928-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Phylloxera | dimethoate | 35001 | 60-51-5 | Excellent, 90-100% | Tolerance being revoked. |
| Phylloxera | Endosulfan | 79401 | 115-29-7 | Fair, 60-80% | Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problems |
| Powdery mildew | Azoxystrobin | 128810 | 131860-33-8 | Good, 80-90% | Strobilurin |
| Powdery mildew | Bacillus subtilis QST-713 | 6479 | Unknown | Poor, 25-60% | Not cost-effective; takes too long to work. |
| Powdery mildew | Boscalid + Pyraclostrobin | new | |||
| Powdery mildew | Canopy Management | ||||
| Powdery mildew | copper compounds | Poor to Fair | |||
| Powdery mildew | Cull infected clusters | Not practical on commercial scale | |||
| Powdery mildew | Fenarimol | 206600 | 60168-88-9 | Good, 80-90% | Most popular DMI |
| Powdery mildew | Fertilizer management | ||||
| Powdery mildew | Gamma aminobutyric acid | Poor to Fair | |||
| Powdery mildew | Harpin Protein | 6477 | 151438-54-9 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Powdery mildew | Irrigation management | ||||
| Powdery mildew | kresoxim-methyl | 129111 | 143390-89-0 | Good, 80-90% | Strobilurin |
| Powdery mildew | Myclobutanil | 128857 | 88671-89-0 | Good, 80-90% | DMI |
| Powdery mildew | neem oil | 0 | Poor, 25-60% | Expensive, marginally effective | |
| Powdery mildew | Oils | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Cannot be applied with or within 3 wks of sulfur or when below freezing or | ||
| Powdery mildew | Potassium bicarbonate | 73508 | 298-14-6 | Poor to Fair | Organic-approved; cannot be mixed with other controls; no residual activity |
| Powdery mildew | Potassium laurate | 79021 | 67701-09-1 | Poor to Fair | Organic-approved. |
| Powdery mildew | Pruning | ||||
| Powdery mildew | quinoxyfen | 55459 | 878790-59-1 | Excellent, 90-100% | |
| Powdery mildew | Sulfur | 77501 | 7704-34-9 | Fair, 60-80% | Micronized flowable form |
| Powdery mildew | sulfur – dust | Fair to Good, 50-90% | May be linked to increased mite pressure | ||
| Powdery mildew | Tebuconazole | 128997 | 107534-96-3 | Good, 80-90% | DMI |
| Powdery mildew | Trellising | ||||
| Powdery mildew | Trifloxystrobin | 129112 | 141517-21-7 | Good, 80-90% | Strobilurin. Longest (21-day) spray interval in its class |
| Powdery mildew | triflumizole | 128879 | 68694-11-1 | Good, 80-90% | DMI |
| Powdery mildew | Variety selection | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Prickly lettuce | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor to Fair | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Prickly lettuce | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Prickly lettuce | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Prickly lettuce | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Prickly lettuce | Flumioxazin | 129034 | 141490-50-8 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Prickly lettuce | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Prickly lettuce | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Prickly lettuce | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Prickly lettuce | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Prickly lettuce | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Prickly lettuce | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Poor to Good, 25-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Prickly lettuce | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Prickly lettuce | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Prickly lettuce | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Prickly lettuce | Tillage | ||||
| Prickly lettuce | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Puncturevine | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Good, 80-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Puncturevine | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Puncturevine | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Puncturevine | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Puncturevine | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Puncturevine | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Puncturevine | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Puncturevine | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Puncturevine | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Puncturevine | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Not Used | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Puncturevine | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Puncturevine | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Puncturevine | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Puncturevine | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Puncturevine | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Puncturevine | Tillage | ||||
| Puncturevine | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Good, 80-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Redstem fillaree | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Good, 80-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Redstem fillaree | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only. |
| Redstem fillaree | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Redstem fillaree | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Redstem fillaree | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Redstem fillaree | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | not registered and/or not effective | Non-bearing only |
| Redstem fillaree | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Redstem fillaree | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Redstem fillaree | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Redstem fillaree | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Redstem fillaree | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Fair, 60-80% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Redstem fillaree | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Redstem fillaree | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Redstem fillaree | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Redstem fillaree | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Redstem fillaree | Tillage | ||||
| Redstem fillaree | Tillage | ||||
| Redstem fillaree | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Ring nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Pre-plant. Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious |
| Ring nematode | Chloropicrin + 1,3-Dichloropropene | Experiments underway in California | |||
| Ring nematode | Dominator | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Ring nematode | Fenamiphos | 100601 | 22224-92-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Registration revoked in 2007. |
| Ring nematode | Green manures | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |||
| Ring nematode | Isothiocyanate cover crops | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Research underway | ||
| Ring nematode | LCF | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Ring nematode | metham sodium | Fair, 60-80% | Most common pre-plant treatment. Less effectivet han Telone, but cheaper, safer | ||
| Ring nematode | Methyl Bromide | Good, 80-90% | No longer used. Req. covering ground w/tarps. | ||
| Ring nematode | Myrothecium verrucaria | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Post-plant. Expensive. Limited efficacy. Fungus fermentation byproduct. Low non-target toxicity | ||
| Ring nematode | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | Previous crop has important impacts | ||
| Ring nematode | Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate | 128904 | 7345-69-9 | Poor to Fair | Post-plant. Not used often. Restricted to pre-plan tor vineyards established > 1 year. |
| Rodents | Avian Predators | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone Growers encourage nesting sites within the vineyard | ||
| Rodents | Zinc Phosphide | 88601 | 1314-84-7 | Only for extreme infestations | |
| Root knot nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Pre-plant. Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious |
| Root knot nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Pre-plant. Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious |
| Root knot nematode | Chloropicrin + 1,3-Dichloropropene | Experiments underway in California | |||
| Root knot nematode | Dominator | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Root knot nematode | Fenamiphos | 100601 | 22224-92-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Registration revoked in 2007. |
| Root knot nematode | Green manures | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |||
| Root knot nematode | Isothiocyanate cover crops | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Research underway | ||
| Root knot nematode | LCF | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Root knot nematode | metham sodium | Poor to Fair | Most common pre-plant treatment. Less effectivet han Telone, but cheaper, safer | ||
| Root knot nematode | Methyl Bromide | Fair to Good, 50-90% | No longer used. Req. covering ground w/tarps. | ||
| Root knot nematode | Myrothecium verrucaria | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Post-plant. Expensive. Limited efficacy. Fungus fermentation byproduct. Low non-target toxicity | ||
| Root knot nematode | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | Previous crop has important impacts | ||
| Root knot nematode | Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate | 128904 | 7345-69-9 | Poor, 25-60% | Post-plant. Not used often. Restricted to pre-plan tor vineyards established > 1 year. |
| Root lesion nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | pre-plant, Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious. |
| Root lesion nematode | Chloropicrin + 1,3-Dichloropropene | Experiments underway in California | |||
| Root lesion nematode | Dominator | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Root lesion nematode | Green manures | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |||
| Root lesion nematode | Isothiocyanate cover crops | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Research underway | ||
| Root lesion nematode | LCF | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Root lesion nematode | metham sodium | Poor to Fair | Most common pre-plant treatment. Less effectivet han Telone, but cheaper, safer | ||
| Root lesion nematode | Methyl Bromide | Good, 80-90% | No longer used. Req. covering ground w/tarps. | ||
| Root lesion nematode | Myrothecium verrucaria | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Post-plant. Expensive. Limited efficacy. Fungus fermentation byproduct. Low non-target toxicity | ||
| Root lesion nematode | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | Previous crop has important impacts | ||
| Root lesion nematode | Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate | 128904 | 7345-69-9 | Poor to Fair | Post-plant. Not used often. Restricted to pre-plan tor vineyards established > 1 year. |
| Rugose w d c | disease-free planting material | Excellent, 90-100% | |||
| Rugose w d c | Variety selection | ||||
| Russian thistle | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Russian thistle | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Russian thistle | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Russian thistle | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Russian thistle | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Fair, 60-80% | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. |
| Russian thistle | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Russian thistle | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Russian thistle | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Russian thistle | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Russian thistle | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Russian thistle | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Russian thistle | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Russian thistle | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Russian thistle | Tillage | ||||
| Russian thistle | Tillage | ||||
| Russian thistle | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Sandbur | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Sandbur | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Sandbur | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Sandbur | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | ||
| Sandbur | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Sandbur | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Sandbur | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Sandbur | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Sandbur | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Sandbur | Tillage | ||||
| Scales | Carbaryl | 56801 | 63-25-2 | Poor, 25-60% | b |
| Scales | Chlorpyrifos | 59101 | 2921-88-2 | Good, 80-90% | - Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problem |
| Scales | Diazinon | 57801 | 59928-80-2 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Thrips | Abamectin | 122804 | 71751-41-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Thrips | Carbaryl | 56801 | 63-25-2 | Poor to Fair | Broadcast or aerial applied; must contact cutworms. |
| Thrips | Fenbutatin-oxide | 104601 | 13556-08-6 | Fair, 60-80% | |
| Thrips | Fenpropathrin | 127901 | 39515-41-8 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Best used as barrier spray against cutworm |
| Thrips | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Fair, 60-80% | Ground or aerial applied. |
| Thrips | Kaolin clay | 100104 | 1332-58-7 | Fair, 60-80% | Suppressive effect; may require another control for thrips. |
| Thrips | Potassium laurate | 79021 | 67701-09-1 | Fair, 60-80% | Organic-approved. Also has fungicidal properties; no residual; strong odor; timing is critical. |
| Thrips | Spinosad | 110003 | 168316-95-8 | Poor, 25-60% |
| Pest | Active Ingredient | PC Code | CAS | Rating | Description/Comments/Resistance Issues |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barnyardgrass | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Barnyardgrass | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Good, 80-90% | Non-bearing only. |
| Barnyardgrass | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Barnyardgrass | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Barnyardgrass | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Barnyardgrass | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Barnyardgrass | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Barnyardgrass | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Barnyardgrass | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Barnyardgrass | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Barnyardgrass | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | not registered and/or not effective | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Barnyardgrass | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Barnyardgrass | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Good, 80-90% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Barnyardgrass | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Barnyardgrass | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Barnyardgrass | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Barnyardgrass | Tillage | ||||
| Barnyardgrass | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Bermudagrass | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Extreme plant injury potential. |
| Bermudagrass | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Non-bearing only |
| Bermudagrass | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils. |
| Bermudagrass | Diquat dibromide | 32201 | 85-00-7 | Poor to Fair | Foliar treatment. Fair to good burndown of bemudagrass,but they grow back. |
| Bermudagrass | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Bermudagrass | Flaming | air quality concerns. | |||
| Bermudagrass | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | No data, but suspected of being efficacious | Most growers report poor efficacy across the board; some researchshows good efficacy onBermudagrass. Non-bearing only |
| Bermudagrass | flumioxazin | 129034 | 141490-50-8 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Bermudagrass | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Foliar treatment. |
| Bermudagrass | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinkleri-irrigated areas. |
| Bermudagrass | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; not for sand or gavel soils |
| Bermudagrass | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation. |
| Bermudagrass | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; can apply pre-or post emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Bermudagrass | Paraquat | 61603 | 4685-14-7 | Poor to Fair | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Bermudagrass | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Bermudagrass | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; |
| Bermudagrass | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor to Fair | Fair to good burndown of Bermudagrass but it grows back. |
| Bermudagrass | site selection & preparation | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Bermudagrass | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant. |
| Birds | Avian Predators | Growers encourage nesting sites within the vineyard | |||
| Birds | Netting | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Expensive | ||
| Birds | Scare devices | Fair, 60-80% | Need more options | ||
| Birds | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | |||
| Black vine weevil | Cultivation | Effective on black vine weevil in bud swell through bloom stage. | |||
| Black vine weevil | Fenpropathrin | 127901 | 39515-41-8 | Good, 80-90% | Effective against vine weevilas a foliar spray, but this use is discouraged due to disruption. |
| Canada thistle | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Canada thistle | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils. |
| Canada thistle | Diquat dibromide | 32201 | 85-00-7 | Poor to Fair | Foliar treatment. Fair to good burndown of Canada thistle, but they grow back. |
| Canada thistle | Flaming | air quality concerns. | |||
| Canada thistle | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Most growers report poor efficacy across the board; some researchshows good efficacy onBermudagrass. Non-bearing only |
| Canada thistle | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Foliar treatment. |
| Canada thistle | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinkler-irrigated areas. |
| Canada thistle | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; not for sand or gavel soils |
| Canada thistle | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation. |
| Canada thistle | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor to Fair | Soil active; can apply pre-or post emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Canada thistle | Paraquat | 61603 | 4685-14-7 | Poor to Fair | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Canada thistle | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Canada thistle | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; |
| Canada thistle | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Canada thistle | site selection & preparation | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Canada thistle | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant. |
| Citrus nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Pre-plant. Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious |
| Citrus nematode | Chloropicrin + 1,3-Dichloropropene | Experiments underway in California | |||
| Citrus nematode | Dominator | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Citrus nematode | Fenamiphos | 100601 | 22224-92-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Registration revoked in 2007. |
| Citrus nematode | Green manures | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |||
| Citrus nematode | Isothiocyanate cover crops | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Research underway | ||
| Citrus nematode | LCF | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Citrus nematode | metham sodium | Fair, 60-80% | Most common pre-plant treatment. Less effectivet han Telone, but cheaper, safer | ||
| Citrus nematode | Methyl Bromide | Good, 80-90% | No longer used. Req. covering ground w/tarps. | ||
| Citrus nematode | Myrothecium verrucaria | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Post-plant. Expensive. Limited efficacy. Fungus fermentation byproduct. Low non-target toxicity. | ||
| Citrus nematode | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | Previous crop has important impacts | ||
| Citrus nematode | Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate | 128904 | 7345-69-9 | Poor to Fair | Post-plant. Not used often. Restricted to pre-plan tor vineyards established > 1 year. |
| Common mallow | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor to Fair | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Common mallow | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Common mallow | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Common mallow | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Common mallow | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Common mallow | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Common mallow | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Poor to Good, 25-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Common mallow | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Common mallow | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Common mallow | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Common mallow | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Common mallow | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Poor to Good, 25-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Common mallow | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Common mallow | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Common mallow | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Common mallow | Tillage | ||||
| Common mallow | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Coyote | Fencing | Poor to Fair | Expensive | ||
| Coyote | Provide drinking water | Poor to Good, 25-90% | This discourages drip hose chewing | ||
| Crown gall | 2,4-xylenol and meta cresol | Poor, 25-60% | After-the-fact treatment; little used | ||
| Crown gall | Avoid mechanical/freezing | Good, 80-90% | |||
| Crown gall | disease-free planting material | Excellent, 90-100% | |||
| Crown gall | Insect Vector Control | Good, 80-90% | |||
| Crown gall | Iprodione | 109801 | 36734-19-7 | Fair, 60-80% | Used less than Elevate or Vangard |
| Crown gall | Irrigation management | ||||
| Crown gall | Mancozeb | 14504 | 8018-01-7 | Poor to Fair | |
| Crown gall | Soak cuttings in 129°F water | Good, 80-90% | |||
| Crown gall | Variety selection | ||||
| Cutworms | Carbaryl | 56801 | 63-25-2 | Poor to Fair | Broadcast or aerial applied; must contact cutworms. |
| Cutworms | Chlorpyrifos | 59101 | 2921-88-2 | Good, 80-90% | - Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problem |
| Cutworms | Diazinon | 57801 | 59928-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Cutworms | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Likely to exacerbate mite problems with repeated use. | |
| Cutworms | Lambda-cyhalothrin | 128897 | 91465-08-6 | Excellent, 90-100% | Barrier treatment. |
| Cutworms | malathion | 57701 | 121-75-5 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Cutworms | Spinosad | 110003 | 168316-95-8 | Fair, 60-80% | |
| Cutworms | Tebufenozide | 129026 | 112410-23-8 | Fair, 60-80% | |
| Cutworms | Zeta-cypermethrin | 129064 | Unknown | Excellent, 90-100% | Barrier treatment |
| Dagger nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Pre-plant. Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious |
| Dagger nematode | Chloropicrin + 1,3-Dichloropropene | Experiments underway in California | |||
| Dagger nematode | Dominator | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Dagger nematode | Fenamiphos | 100601 | 22224-92-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Registration revoked in 2007. |
| Dagger nematode | Green manures | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |||
| Dagger nematode | Isothiocyanate cover crops | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Research underway | ||
| Dagger nematode | LCF | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Dagger nematode | metham sodium | Fair, 60-80% | Most common pre-plant treatment. Less effectivet han Telone, but cheaper, safer | ||
| Dagger nematode | Methyl Bromide | Good, 80-90% | No longer used. Req. covering ground w/tarps. | ||
| Dagger nematode | Myrothecium verrucaria | Post-plant. Expensive. Limited efficacy. Fungus fermentation byproduct. Low non-target toxicity | |||
| Dagger nematode | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | Previous crop has important impacts | ||
| Dagger nematode | Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate | 128904 | 7345-69-9 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Post-plant. Not used often. Restricted to pre-plan tor vineyards established > 1 year. |
| Deer, elk, rabbits | Fencing | Good, 80-90% | Expensive | ||
| Deer, elk, rabbits | Plant shields | Good, 80-90% | |||
| Eutypa dieback | Benomyl | 99101 | 17804-35-2 | May be effective as a wound protectant;won’t eradicate fungus already present;won’t eradicate fungus already present;won’t eradicate fungus already present; | |
| Eutypa dieback | Pruning | Fair, 60-80% | Removal of infected trunks discourages Eutypa | ||
| Eutypa dieback | Thiophanate-methyl | 102001 | 23564-05-8 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Fiddleneck tarweed | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | Tillage | ||||
| Fiddleneck tarweed | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Good, 80-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Field bindweed | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Extreme plant injury potential. |
| Field bindweed | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Field bindweed | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils. |
| Field bindweed | Diquat dibromide | 32201 | 85-00-7 | Poor to Fair | Foliar treatment. Fair to good burndown of field bindweed,but they grow back. |
| Field bindweed | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Field bindweed | Flaming | air quality concerns. | |||
| Field bindweed | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Most growers report poor efficacy across the board; some researchshows good efficacy onBermudagrass. Non-bearing only. |
| Field bindweed | flumioxazin | 129034 | 141490-50-8 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Field bindweed | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Foliar treatment. |
| Field bindweed | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinkleri-irrigated areas. |
| Field bindweed | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; not for sand or g avel soils |
| Field bindweed | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation. |
| Field bindweed | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor to Fair | Soil active; can apply pre-or post emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Field bindweed | Paraquat | 61603 | 4685-14-7 | Poor to Fair | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Field bindweed | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Field bindweed | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; |
| Field bindweed | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Field bindweed | site selection & preparation | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Field bindweed | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor to Fair | Applied at pre-plant. |
| Foxtail | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Foxtail | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Good, 80-90% | Non-bearing only. |
| Foxtail | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Foxtail | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Foxtail | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Foxtail | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Fair control of green foxtail.good control of yellow. Non-bearing only. |
| Foxtail | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Foxtail | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Foxtail | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Foxtail | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Foxtail | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Foxtail | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Foxtail | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Foxtail | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Foxtail | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Good, 80-90% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Foxtail | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Foxtail | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Foxtail | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Foxtail | Tillage | ||||
| Foxtail | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Grape mealybug | Buprofezin | 275100 | 69327-76-0 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Shows promise; insect growth regulator; is compatible with biocontrol |
| Grape mealybug | Carbaryl | 56801 | 63-25-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Broadcast or aerial applied; must contact cutworms. |
| Grape mealybug | Chlorpyrifos | 59101 | 2921-88-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problem |
| Grape mealybug | Diazinon | 57801 | 59928-80-2 | Poor to Fair | |
| Grape mealybug | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Likely to exacerbate mite problems with repeated use. |
| Grape mealybug | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Ground or aerial applied. |
| Grape mealybug | Mealybug destroyer | Extremely effective mealybug predator;recently found in WA. | |||
| Grape mealybug | Oil | 0 | Poor to Fair | ||
| Grape mealybug | Phosmet | 59201 | 732-11-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Broadcast ground spray. |
| Grape mealybug | Potassium laurate | 79021 | 67701-09-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Organic-approved. Also has fungicidal properties; no residual; strong odor; timing is critical. |
| Grape mealybug | Potassium laurate | 79021 | 67701-09-1 | Fair, 60-80% | Organic-approved. Also has fungicidal properties; no residual; strong odor; timing is critical. |
| Grape mealybug | Thiamethoxam | 60109 | 153719-23-4 | Excellent, 90-100% | Chemigation formula. |
| Grape mealybug | thiamethoxam | 60109 | 153719-23-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Foliar formula. |
| Grapevine leafroll | disease-free planting material | Excellent, 90-100% | |||
| Grapevine leafroll | Variety selection | ||||
| Gray mold | Canopy Management | ||||
| Gray mold | copper compounds | ||||
| Gray mold | Cull infected clusters | Not practical on commercial scale | |||
| Gray mold | Cyprodinil (Vangard) | 288202 | 121552-61-2 | Good, 80-90% | Used less than Elevate |
| Gray mold | Cyprodinil + Fludioxonil | Excellent, 90-100% | |||
| Gray mold | Dicloran | 31301 | 99-30-9 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Used less than Elevate or Vangard |
| Gray mold | Fenhexamid | 90209 | 126833-17-8 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Gray mold | Fertilizer management | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Gray mold | Gamma aminobutyric acid | Poor, 25-60% | |||
| Gray mold | Irrigation management | ||||
| Gray mold | Tebuconazole | 128997 | 107534-96-3 | Good, 80-90% | DMI |
| Gray mold | Trellising | ||||
| Gray mold | Trifloxystrobin | 129112 | 141517-21-7 | Fair, 60-80% | Strobilurin. Longest (21-day) spray interval in its class |
| Hornworm/lepidtopt. | Removal of alternate hosts | Evening primrose is an alternate host for hornworm and other Lepidoptera. | |||
| Horsetail (equisetum) | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair, 60-80% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Diquat dibromide | 32201 | 85-00-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Foliar treatment. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Flaming | Not Stand Alone | air quality concerns. | ||
| Horsetail (equisetum) | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Most growers report poor efficacy across the board; some researchshows good efficacy onBermudagrass. Non-bearing only |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Poor, 25-60% | Foliar treatment. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinkler-irrigated areas. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; not for sand or gavel soils |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; can apply pre-or post emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Paraquat | 61603 | 4685-14-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | site selection & preparation | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Horsetail (equisetum) | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant. |
| Knapweed | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Extreme plant injury potential.Results may improve on knapweed with optimal timing. |
| Knapweed | Diquat dibromide | 32201 | 85-00-7 | Poor to Fair | Foliar treatment. Fair to good burndown of knapweed, but they grow back. |
| Knapweed | Flaming | air quality concerns. | |||
| Knapweed | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Most growers report poor efficacy across the board; some researchshows good efficacy onBermudagrass. Non-bearing only |
| Knapweed | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Foliar treatment. |
| Knapweed | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinkleri-irrigated areas. |
| Knapweed | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation. |
| Knapweed | Paraquat | 61603 | 4685-14-7 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Knapweed | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Knapweed | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; |
| Knapweed | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Knapweed | site selection & preparation | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Knapweed | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant. |
| Knotweed | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Kochia (als) | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Kochia (als) | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only. |
| Kochia (als) | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Kochia (als) | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Kochia (als) | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Kochia (als) | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Kochia (als) | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say more research needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Kochia (als) | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Kochia (als) | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Kochia (als) | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor to Fair | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Kochia (als) | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Kochia (als) | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Kochia (als) | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Kochia (als) | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Kochia (als) | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Kochia (als) | Tillage | ||||
| Kochia (als) | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Good, 80-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Lambsquarters | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Good, 80-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Lambsquarters | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only. |
| Lambsquarters | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Lambsquarters | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Lambsquarters | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Lambsquarters | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Lambsquarters | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season. |
| Lambsquarters | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Lambsquarters | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Lambsquarters | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Lambsquarters | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Lambsquarters | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Poor to Good, 25-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns. |
| Lambsquarters | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Good, 80-90% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Lambsquarters | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Lambsquarters | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Lambsquarters | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers. |
| Lambsquarters | Tillage | ||||
| Lambsquarters | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Good, 80-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately. |
| Leafhoppters | Acetamiprid | 99050 | 135410-20-7 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |
| Leafhoppters | Buprofezin | 275100 | 69327-76-0 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Shows promise; insect growth regulator; is compatible with biocontrol |
| Leafhoppters | Canopy Management | Poor to Good, 25-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Leafhoppters | Carbaryl | 56801 | 63-25-2 | Poor to Fair | Broadcast or aerial applied; must contact cutworms. |
| Leafhoppters | Chlorpyrifos | 59101 | 2921-88-2 | Poor, 25-60% | - Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problem |
| Leafhoppters | Diazinon | 57801 | 59928-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Leafhoppters | dimethoate | 35001 | 60-51-5 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Tolerance being revoked. |
| Leafhoppters | Endosulfan | 79401 | 115-29-7 | Fair, 60-80% | - Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problem |
| Leafhoppters | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Likely to exacerbate mite problems with repeated use. |
| Leafhoppters | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Most popular leafhopper control.Ground or aerial applied. |
| Leafhoppters | Irrigation management | ||||
| Leafhoppters | Kaolin clay | 100104 | 1332-58-7 | Fair, 60-80% | Suppressive effect; |
| Leafhoppters | Lambda-cyhalothrin | 128897 | 91465-08-6 | Good, 80-90% | Barrier treatment. |
| Leafhoppters | malathion | 57701 | 121-75-5 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Leafhoppters | Methomyl | 90301 | 27519-02-4 | Excellent, 90-100% | May combine with oil. Most effective early. |
| Leafhoppters | Parasitoid wasps * | Can play important role in IPM against leafhopper. | |||
| Leafhoppters | thiamethoxam | 60109 | 153719-23-4 | Excellent, 90-100% | Foliar formula. |
| Leafhoppters | Thiamethoxam | 60109 | 153719-23-4 | Excellent, 90-100% | Chemigation formula. |
| Leafhoppters | Zeta-cypermethrin | 129064 | Unknown | Good, 80-90% | Barrier treatment |
| Marestail/horseweed | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing |
| Marestail/horseweed | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Marestail/horseweed | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Marestail/horseweed | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Marestail/horseweed | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Marestail/horseweed | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Marestail/horseweed | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Marestail/horseweed | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | not registered and/or not effective | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Marestail/horseweed | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Marestail/horseweed | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Marestail/horseweed | Tillage | ||||
| Marestail/horseweed | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Fair, 60-80% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Mites | Abamectin | 122804 | 71751-41-2 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Mites | Bifenazate | 586 | 149877-41-8 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | |
| Mites | Dicofol (Kelthane 50WS) +horticultural oil | Fair, 60-80% | |||
| Mites | dimethoate | 35001 | 60-51-5 | Fair, 60-80% | Tolerance being revoked. |
| Mites | Endosulfan | 79401 | 115-29-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problems |
| Mites | malathion | 57701 | 121-75-5 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Mites | Methomyl | 90301 | 27519-02-4 | May combine with oil. Most effective early. | |
| Mites | Potassium laurate | 79021 | 67701-09-1 | Fair, 60-80% | Organic-approved. Also has fungicidal properties; no residual; strong odor; timing is critical. |
| Mites | Predatory mites * | ||||
| Mites | Propargite | 97601 | 2312-35-8 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Mustard | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Good, 80-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Mustard | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only. |
| Mustard | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Mustard | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Mustard | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Mustard | Flumioxazin | 129034 | 141490-50-8 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Mustard | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Mustard | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Mustard | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Mustard | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor to Fair | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Mustard | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Mustard | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Mustard | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Mustard | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Mustard | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Mustard | Tillage | ||||
| Nematode-vectored viruses | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Nematode control; may delay re-infection |
| Nematode-vectored viruses | disease-free planting material | Excellent, 90-100% | |||
| Nematode-vectored viruses | Metam Sodium | Good, 80-90% | Nematode control; may delay re-infection | ||
| Nematode-vectored viruses | Methyl bromide | 53201 | 74-83-9 | Good, 80-90% | Nematode control; may delay re-infection |
| Nematode-vectored viruses | Variety selection | ||||
| Nightshade | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Good, 80-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Nightshade | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Nightshade | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Nightshade | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Nightshade | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Nightshade | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Nightshade | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Nightshade | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Nightshade | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Nightshade | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Nightshade | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Nightshade | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Nightshade | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Nightshade | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Nightshade | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Nightshade | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Nightshade | Tillage | ||||
| Nightshade | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Nuisance pests (vinegar & fruit fly, yellowjacket) | malathion | 57701 | 121-75-5 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Phylloxera | Diazinon | 57801 | 59928-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Phylloxera | dimethoate | 35001 | 60-51-5 | Excellent, 90-100% | Tolerance being revoked. |
| Phylloxera | Endosulfan | 79401 | 115-29-7 | Fair, 60-80% | Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problems |
| Powdery mildew | Azoxystrobin | 128810 | 131860-33-8 | Good, 80-90% | Strobilurin |
| Powdery mildew | Bacillus subtilis QST-713 | 6479 | Unknown | Poor, 25-60% | Not cost-effective; takes too long to work. |
| Powdery mildew | Boscalid + Pyraclostrobin | new | |||
| Powdery mildew | Canopy Management | ||||
| Powdery mildew | copper compounds | Poor to Fair | |||
| Powdery mildew | Cull infected clusters | Not practical on commercial scale | |||
| Powdery mildew | Fenarimol | 206600 | 60168-88-9 | Good, 80-90% | Most popular DMI |
| Powdery mildew | Fertilizer management | ||||
| Powdery mildew | Gamma aminobutyric acid | Poor to Fair | |||
| Powdery mildew | Harpin Protein | 6477 | 151438-54-9 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Powdery mildew | Irrigation management | ||||
| Powdery mildew | kresoxim-methyl | 129111 | 143390-89-0 | Good, 80-90% | Strobilurin |
| Powdery mildew | Myclobutanil | 128857 | 88671-89-0 | Good, 80-90% | DMI |
| Powdery mildew | neem oil | 0 | Poor, 25-60% | Expensive, marginally effective | |
| Powdery mildew | Oils | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Cannot be applied with or within 3 wks of sulfur or when below freezing or | ||
| Powdery mildew | Potassium bicarbonate | 73508 | 298-14-6 | Poor to Fair | Organic-approved; cannot be mixed with other controls; no residual activity |
| Powdery mildew | Potassium laurate | 79021 | 67701-09-1 | Poor to Fair | Organic-approved. |
| Powdery mildew | Pruning | ||||
| Powdery mildew | quinoxyfen | 55459 | 878790-59-1 | Excellent, 90-100% | |
| Powdery mildew | Sulfur | 77501 | 7704-34-9 | Fair, 60-80% | Micronized flowable form |
| Powdery mildew | sulfur – dust | Fair to Good, 50-90% | May be linked to increased mite pressure | ||
| Powdery mildew | Tebuconazole | 128997 | 107534-96-3 | Good, 80-90% | DMI |
| Powdery mildew | Trellising | ||||
| Powdery mildew | Trifloxystrobin | 129112 | 141517-21-7 | Good, 80-90% | Strobilurin. Longest (21-day) spray interval in its class |
| Powdery mildew | triflumizole | 128879 | 68694-11-1 | Good, 80-90% | DMI |
| Powdery mildew | Variety selection | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Prickly lettuce | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor to Fair | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Prickly lettuce | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Prickly lettuce | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Prickly lettuce | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Prickly lettuce | Flumioxazin | 129034 | 141490-50-8 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Prickly lettuce | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Prickly lettuce | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Prickly lettuce | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Prickly lettuce | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Prickly lettuce | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Prickly lettuce | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Poor to Good, 25-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Prickly lettuce | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Prickly lettuce | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Prickly lettuce | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Prickly lettuce | Tillage | ||||
| Prickly lettuce | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Puncturevine | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Good, 80-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Puncturevine | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Puncturevine | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Puncturevine | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Puncturevine | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Puncturevine | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Puncturevine | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Puncturevine | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Puncturevine | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Puncturevine | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Not Used | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Puncturevine | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Puncturevine | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Puncturevine | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Puncturevine | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Puncturevine | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Puncturevine | Tillage | ||||
| Puncturevine | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Good, 80-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Redstem fillaree | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Good, 80-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Redstem fillaree | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only. |
| Redstem fillaree | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Redstem fillaree | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Redstem fillaree | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Redstem fillaree | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | not registered and/or not effective | Non-bearing only |
| Redstem fillaree | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Redstem fillaree | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Redstem fillaree | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Redstem fillaree | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Redstem fillaree | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Fair, 60-80% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Redstem fillaree | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Redstem fillaree | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Redstem fillaree | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Redstem fillaree | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Redstem fillaree | Tillage | ||||
| Redstem fillaree | Tillage | ||||
| Redstem fillaree | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Ring nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Pre-plant. Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious |
| Ring nematode | Chloropicrin + 1,3-Dichloropropene | Experiments underway in California | |||
| Ring nematode | Dominator | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Ring nematode | Fenamiphos | 100601 | 22224-92-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Registration revoked in 2007. |
| Ring nematode | Green manures | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |||
| Ring nematode | Isothiocyanate cover crops | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Research underway | ||
| Ring nematode | LCF | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Ring nematode | metham sodium | Fair, 60-80% | Most common pre-plant treatment. Less effectivet han Telone, but cheaper, safer | ||
| Ring nematode | Methyl Bromide | Good, 80-90% | No longer used. Req. covering ground w/tarps. | ||
| Ring nematode | Myrothecium verrucaria | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Post-plant. Expensive. Limited efficacy. Fungus fermentation byproduct. Low non-target toxicity | ||
| Ring nematode | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | Previous crop has important impacts | ||
| Ring nematode | Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate | 128904 | 7345-69-9 | Poor to Fair | Post-plant. Not used often. Restricted to pre-plan tor vineyards established > 1 year. |
| Rodents | Avian Predators | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone Growers encourage nesting sites within the vineyard | ||
| Rodents | Zinc Phosphide | 88601 | 1314-84-7 | Only for extreme infestations | |
| Root knot nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Pre-plant. Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious |
| Root knot nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Pre-plant. Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious |
| Root knot nematode | Chloropicrin + 1,3-Dichloropropene | Experiments underway in California | |||
| Root knot nematode | Dominator | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Root knot nematode | Fenamiphos | 100601 | 22224-92-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Registration revoked in 2007. |
| Root knot nematode | Green manures | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |||
| Root knot nematode | Isothiocyanate cover crops | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Research underway | ||
| Root knot nematode | LCF | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Root knot nematode | metham sodium | Poor to Fair | Most common pre-plant treatment. Less effectivet han Telone, but cheaper, safer | ||
| Root knot nematode | Methyl Bromide | Fair to Good, 50-90% | No longer used. Req. covering ground w/tarps. | ||
| Root knot nematode | Myrothecium verrucaria | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Post-plant. Expensive. Limited efficacy. Fungus fermentation byproduct. Low non-target toxicity | ||
| Root knot nematode | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | Previous crop has important impacts | ||
| Root knot nematode | Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate | 128904 | 7345-69-9 | Poor, 25-60% | Post-plant. Not used often. Restricted to pre-plan tor vineyards established > 1 year. |
| Root lesion nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | pre-plant, Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious. |
| Root lesion nematode | Chloropicrin + 1,3-Dichloropropene | Experiments underway in California | |||
| Root lesion nematode | Dominator | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Root lesion nematode | Green manures | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |||
| Root lesion nematode | Isothiocyanate cover crops | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Research underway | ||
| Root lesion nematode | LCF | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Root lesion nematode | metham sodium | Poor to Fair | Most common pre-plant treatment. Less effectivet han Telone, but cheaper, safer | ||
| Root lesion nematode | Methyl Bromide | Good, 80-90% | No longer used. Req. covering ground w/tarps. | ||
| Root lesion nematode | Myrothecium verrucaria | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Post-plant. Expensive. Limited efficacy. Fungus fermentation byproduct. Low non-target toxicity | ||
| Root lesion nematode | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | Previous crop has important impacts | ||
| Root lesion nematode | Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate | 128904 | 7345-69-9 | Poor to Fair | Post-plant. Not used often. Restricted to pre-plan tor vineyards established > 1 year. |
| Rugose w d c | disease-free planting material | Excellent, 90-100% | |||
| Rugose w d c | Variety selection | ||||
| Russian thistle | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Russian thistle | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Russian thistle | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Russian thistle | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Russian thistle | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Fair, 60-80% | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. |
| Russian thistle | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Russian thistle | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Russian thistle | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Russian thistle | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Russian thistle | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Russian thistle | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Russian thistle | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Russian thistle | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Russian thistle | Tillage | ||||
| Russian thistle | Tillage | ||||
| Russian thistle | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Sandbur | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Sandbur | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Sandbur | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Sandbur | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | ||
| Sandbur | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Sandbur | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Sandbur | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Sandbur | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Sandbur | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Sandbur | Tillage | ||||
| Scales | Carbaryl | 56801 | 63-25-2 | Poor, 25-60% | b |
| Scales | Chlorpyrifos | 59101 | 2921-88-2 | Good, 80-90% | - Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problem |
| Scales | Diazinon | 57801 | 59928-80-2 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Thrips | Abamectin | 122804 | 71751-41-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Thrips | Carbaryl | 56801 | 63-25-2 | Poor to Fair | Broadcast or aerial applied; must contact cutworms. |
| Thrips | Fenbutatin-oxide | 104601 | 13556-08-6 | Fair, 60-80% | |
| Thrips | Fenpropathrin | 127901 | 39515-41-8 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Best used as barrier spray against cutworm |
| Thrips | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Fair, 60-80% | Ground or aerial applied. |
| Thrips | Kaolin clay | 100104 | 1332-58-7 | Fair, 60-80% | Suppressive effect; may require another control for thrips. |
| Thrips | Potassium laurate | 79021 | 67701-09-1 | Fair, 60-80% | Organic-approved. Also has fungicidal properties; no residual; strong odor; timing is critical. |
| Thrips | Spinosad | 110003 | 168316-95-8 | Poor, 25-60% |
| Pest | Active Ingredient | PC Code | CAS | Rating | Description/Comments/Resistance Issues |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barnyardgrass | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Barnyardgrass | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Good, 80-90% | Non-bearing only. |
| Barnyardgrass | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Barnyardgrass | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Barnyardgrass | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Barnyardgrass | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Barnyardgrass | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Barnyardgrass | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Barnyardgrass | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Barnyardgrass | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Barnyardgrass | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | not registered and/or not effective | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Barnyardgrass | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Barnyardgrass | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Good, 80-90% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Barnyardgrass | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Barnyardgrass | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Barnyardgrass | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Barnyardgrass | Tillage | ||||
| Barnyardgrass | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Bermudagrass | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Extreme plant injury potential. |
| Bermudagrass | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Non-bearing only |
| Bermudagrass | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils. |
| Bermudagrass | Diquat dibromide | 32201 | 85-00-7 | Poor to Fair | Foliar treatment. Fair to good burndown of bemudagrass,but they grow back. |
| Bermudagrass | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Bermudagrass | Flaming | air quality concerns. | |||
| Bermudagrass | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | No data, but suspected of being efficacious | Most growers report poor efficacy across the board; some researchshows good efficacy onBermudagrass. Non-bearing only |
| Bermudagrass | flumioxazin | 129034 | 141490-50-8 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Bermudagrass | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Foliar treatment. |
| Bermudagrass | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinkleri-irrigated areas. |
| Bermudagrass | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; not for sand or gavel soils |
| Bermudagrass | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation. |
| Bermudagrass | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; can apply pre-or post emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Bermudagrass | Paraquat | 61603 | 4685-14-7 | Poor to Fair | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Bermudagrass | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Bermudagrass | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; |
| Bermudagrass | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor to Fair | Fair to good burndown of Bermudagrass but it grows back. |
| Bermudagrass | site selection & preparation | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Bermudagrass | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant. |
| Birds | Avian Predators | Growers encourage nesting sites within the vineyard | |||
| Birds | Netting | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Expensive | ||
| Birds | Scare devices | Fair, 60-80% | Need more options | ||
| Birds | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | |||
| Black vine weevil | Cultivation | Effective on black vine weevil in bud swell through bloom stage. | |||
| Black vine weevil | Fenpropathrin | 127901 | 39515-41-8 | Good, 80-90% | Effective against vine weevilas a foliar spray, but this use is discouraged due to disruption. |
| Canada thistle | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Canada thistle | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils. |
| Canada thistle | Diquat dibromide | 32201 | 85-00-7 | Poor to Fair | Foliar treatment. Fair to good burndown of Canada thistle, but they grow back. |
| Canada thistle | Flaming | air quality concerns. | |||
| Canada thistle | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Most growers report poor efficacy across the board; some researchshows good efficacy onBermudagrass. Non-bearing only |
| Canada thistle | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Foliar treatment. |
| Canada thistle | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinkler-irrigated areas. |
| Canada thistle | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; not for sand or gavel soils |
| Canada thistle | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation. |
| Canada thistle | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor to Fair | Soil active; can apply pre-or post emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Canada thistle | Paraquat | 61603 | 4685-14-7 | Poor to Fair | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Canada thistle | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Canada thistle | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; |
| Canada thistle | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Canada thistle | site selection & preparation | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Canada thistle | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant. |
| Citrus nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Pre-plant. Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious |
| Citrus nematode | Chloropicrin + 1,3-Dichloropropene | Experiments underway in California | |||
| Citrus nematode | Dominator | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Citrus nematode | Fenamiphos | 100601 | 22224-92-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Registration revoked in 2007. |
| Citrus nematode | Green manures | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |||
| Citrus nematode | Isothiocyanate cover crops | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Research underway | ||
| Citrus nematode | LCF | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Citrus nematode | metham sodium | Fair, 60-80% | Most common pre-plant treatment. Less effectivet han Telone, but cheaper, safer | ||
| Citrus nematode | Methyl Bromide | Good, 80-90% | No longer used. Req. covering ground w/tarps. | ||
| Citrus nematode | Myrothecium verrucaria | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Post-plant. Expensive. Limited efficacy. Fungus fermentation byproduct. Low non-target toxicity. | ||
| Citrus nematode | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | Previous crop has important impacts | ||
| Citrus nematode | Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate | 128904 | 7345-69-9 | Poor to Fair | Post-plant. Not used often. Restricted to pre-plan tor vineyards established > 1 year. |
| Common mallow | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor to Fair | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Common mallow | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Common mallow | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Common mallow | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Common mallow | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Common mallow | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Common mallow | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Poor to Good, 25-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Common mallow | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Common mallow | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Common mallow | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Common mallow | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Common mallow | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Poor to Good, 25-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Common mallow | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Common mallow | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Common mallow | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Common mallow | Tillage | ||||
| Common mallow | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Coyote | Fencing | Poor to Fair | Expensive | ||
| Coyote | Provide drinking water | Poor to Good, 25-90% | This discourages drip hose chewing | ||
| Crown gall | 2,4-xylenol and meta cresol | Poor, 25-60% | After-the-fact treatment; little used | ||
| Crown gall | Avoid mechanical/freezing | Good, 80-90% | |||
| Crown gall | disease-free planting material | Excellent, 90-100% | |||
| Crown gall | Insect Vector Control | Good, 80-90% | |||
| Crown gall | Iprodione | 109801 | 36734-19-7 | Fair, 60-80% | Used less than Elevate or Vangard |
| Crown gall | Irrigation management | ||||
| Crown gall | Mancozeb | 14504 | 8018-01-7 | Poor to Fair | |
| Crown gall | Soak cuttings in 129°F water | Good, 80-90% | |||
| Crown gall | Variety selection | ||||
| Cutworms | Carbaryl | 56801 | 63-25-2 | Poor to Fair | Broadcast or aerial applied; must contact cutworms. |
| Cutworms | Chlorpyrifos | 59101 | 2921-88-2 | Good, 80-90% | - Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problem |
| Cutworms | Diazinon | 57801 | 59928-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Cutworms | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Likely to exacerbate mite problems with repeated use. | |
| Cutworms | Lambda-cyhalothrin | 128897 | 91465-08-6 | Excellent, 90-100% | Barrier treatment. |
| Cutworms | malathion | 57701 | 121-75-5 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Cutworms | Spinosad | 110003 | 168316-95-8 | Fair, 60-80% | |
| Cutworms | Tebufenozide | 129026 | 112410-23-8 | Fair, 60-80% | |
| Cutworms | Zeta-cypermethrin | 129064 | Unknown | Excellent, 90-100% | Barrier treatment |
| Dagger nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Pre-plant. Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious |
| Dagger nematode | Chloropicrin + 1,3-Dichloropropene | Experiments underway in California | |||
| Dagger nematode | Dominator | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Dagger nematode | Fenamiphos | 100601 | 22224-92-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Registration revoked in 2007. |
| Dagger nematode | Green manures | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |||
| Dagger nematode | Isothiocyanate cover crops | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Research underway | ||
| Dagger nematode | LCF | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Dagger nematode | metham sodium | Fair, 60-80% | Most common pre-plant treatment. Less effectivet han Telone, but cheaper, safer | ||
| Dagger nematode | Methyl Bromide | Good, 80-90% | No longer used. Req. covering ground w/tarps. | ||
| Dagger nematode | Myrothecium verrucaria | Post-plant. Expensive. Limited efficacy. Fungus fermentation byproduct. Low non-target toxicity | |||
| Dagger nematode | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | Previous crop has important impacts | ||
| Dagger nematode | Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate | 128904 | 7345-69-9 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Post-plant. Not used often. Restricted to pre-plan tor vineyards established > 1 year. |
| Deer, elk, rabbits | Fencing | Good, 80-90% | Expensive | ||
| Deer, elk, rabbits | Plant shields | Good, 80-90% | |||
| Eutypa dieback | Benomyl | 99101 | 17804-35-2 | May be effective as a wound protectant;won’t eradicate fungus already present;won’t eradicate fungus already present;won’t eradicate fungus already present; | |
| Eutypa dieback | Pruning | Fair, 60-80% | Removal of infected trunks discourages Eutypa | ||
| Eutypa dieback | Thiophanate-methyl | 102001 | 23564-05-8 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Fiddleneck tarweed | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | Tillage | ||||
| Fiddleneck tarweed | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Good, 80-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Fiddleneck tarweed | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Field bindweed | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Extreme plant injury potential. |
| Field bindweed | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Field bindweed | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils. |
| Field bindweed | Diquat dibromide | 32201 | 85-00-7 | Poor to Fair | Foliar treatment. Fair to good burndown of field bindweed,but they grow back. |
| Field bindweed | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Field bindweed | Flaming | air quality concerns. | |||
| Field bindweed | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Most growers report poor efficacy across the board; some researchshows good efficacy onBermudagrass. Non-bearing only. |
| Field bindweed | flumioxazin | 129034 | 141490-50-8 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Field bindweed | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Foliar treatment. |
| Field bindweed | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinkleri-irrigated areas. |
| Field bindweed | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; not for sand or g avel soils |
| Field bindweed | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation. |
| Field bindweed | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor to Fair | Soil active; can apply pre-or post emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Field bindweed | Paraquat | 61603 | 4685-14-7 | Poor to Fair | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Field bindweed | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Field bindweed | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; |
| Field bindweed | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Field bindweed | site selection & preparation | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Field bindweed | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor to Fair | Applied at pre-plant. |
| Foxtail | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Foxtail | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Good, 80-90% | Non-bearing only. |
| Foxtail | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Foxtail | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Foxtail | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Foxtail | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Fair control of green foxtail.good control of yellow. Non-bearing only. |
| Foxtail | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Foxtail | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Foxtail | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Foxtail | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Foxtail | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Foxtail | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Foxtail | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Foxtail | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Foxtail | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Good, 80-90% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Foxtail | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Foxtail | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Foxtail | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Foxtail | Tillage | ||||
| Foxtail | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Grape mealybug | Buprofezin | 275100 | 69327-76-0 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Shows promise; insect growth regulator; is compatible with biocontrol |
| Grape mealybug | Carbaryl | 56801 | 63-25-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Broadcast or aerial applied; must contact cutworms. |
| Grape mealybug | Chlorpyrifos | 59101 | 2921-88-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problem |
| Grape mealybug | Diazinon | 57801 | 59928-80-2 | Poor to Fair | |
| Grape mealybug | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Likely to exacerbate mite problems with repeated use. |
| Grape mealybug | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Ground or aerial applied. |
| Grape mealybug | Mealybug destroyer | Extremely effective mealybug predator;recently found in WA. | |||
| Grape mealybug | Oil | 0 | Poor to Fair | ||
| Grape mealybug | Phosmet | 59201 | 732-11-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Broadcast ground spray. |
| Grape mealybug | Potassium laurate | 79021 | 67701-09-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Organic-approved. Also has fungicidal properties; no residual; strong odor; timing is critical. |
| Grape mealybug | Potassium laurate | 79021 | 67701-09-1 | Fair, 60-80% | Organic-approved. Also has fungicidal properties; no residual; strong odor; timing is critical. |
| Grape mealybug | Thiamethoxam | 60109 | 153719-23-4 | Excellent, 90-100% | Chemigation formula. |
| Grape mealybug | thiamethoxam | 60109 | 153719-23-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Foliar formula. |
| Grapevine leafroll | disease-free planting material | Excellent, 90-100% | |||
| Grapevine leafroll | Variety selection | ||||
| Gray mold | Canopy Management | ||||
| Gray mold | copper compounds | ||||
| Gray mold | Cull infected clusters | Not practical on commercial scale | |||
| Gray mold | Cyprodinil (Vangard) | 288202 | 121552-61-2 | Good, 80-90% | Used less than Elevate |
| Gray mold | Cyprodinil + Fludioxonil | Excellent, 90-100% | |||
| Gray mold | Dicloran | 31301 | 99-30-9 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Used less than Elevate or Vangard |
| Gray mold | Fenhexamid | 90209 | 126833-17-8 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Gray mold | Fertilizer management | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Gray mold | Gamma aminobutyric acid | Poor, 25-60% | |||
| Gray mold | Irrigation management | ||||
| Gray mold | Tebuconazole | 128997 | 107534-96-3 | Good, 80-90% | DMI |
| Gray mold | Trellising | ||||
| Gray mold | Trifloxystrobin | 129112 | 141517-21-7 | Fair, 60-80% | Strobilurin. Longest (21-day) spray interval in its class |
| Hornworm/lepidtopt. | Removal of alternate hosts | Evening primrose is an alternate host for hornworm and other Lepidoptera. | |||
| Horsetail (equisetum) | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair, 60-80% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Diquat dibromide | 32201 | 85-00-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Foliar treatment. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Flaming | Not Stand Alone | air quality concerns. | ||
| Horsetail (equisetum) | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Most growers report poor efficacy across the board; some researchshows good efficacy onBermudagrass. Non-bearing only |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Poor, 25-60% | Foliar treatment. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinkler-irrigated areas. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; for established vineyards; not for sand or gavel soils |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; can apply pre-or post emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Paraquat | 61603 | 4685-14-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Horsetail (equisetum) | site selection & preparation | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Horsetail (equisetum) | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant. |
| Knapweed | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Extreme plant injury potential.Results may improve on knapweed with optimal timing. |
| Knapweed | Diquat dibromide | 32201 | 85-00-7 | Poor to Fair | Foliar treatment. Fair to good burndown of knapweed, but they grow back. |
| Knapweed | Flaming | air quality concerns. | |||
| Knapweed | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Most growers report poor efficacy across the board; some researchshows good efficacy onBermudagrass. Non-bearing only |
| Knapweed | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Foliar treatment. |
| Knapweed | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinkleri-irrigated areas. |
| Knapweed | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation. |
| Knapweed | Paraquat | 61603 | 4685-14-7 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Knapweed | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Fair to good burndown of field bindweed, Bermudagrass, and Canada thistle, but they gow back. Extreme plant injury potential. Human health concerns |
| Knapweed | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; |
| Knapweed | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Knapweed | site selection & preparation | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Knapweed | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant. |
| Knotweed | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Kochia (als) | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Kochia (als) | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only. |
| Kochia (als) | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Kochia (als) | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Kochia (als) | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Kochia (als) | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Kochia (als) | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say more research needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Kochia (als) | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Kochia (als) | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Kochia (als) | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor to Fair | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Kochia (als) | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Kochia (als) | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Kochia (als) | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Kochia (als) | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Kochia (als) | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Kochia (als) | Tillage | ||||
| Kochia (als) | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Good, 80-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Lambsquarters | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Good, 80-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Lambsquarters | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only. |
| Lambsquarters | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Lambsquarters | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Lambsquarters | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Lambsquarters | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Lambsquarters | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season. |
| Lambsquarters | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Lambsquarters | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Lambsquarters | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Lambsquarters | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Lambsquarters | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Poor to Good, 25-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns. |
| Lambsquarters | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Good, 80-90% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Lambsquarters | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Lambsquarters | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Lambsquarters | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers. |
| Lambsquarters | Tillage | ||||
| Lambsquarters | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Good, 80-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately. |
| Leafhoppters | Acetamiprid | 99050 | 135410-20-7 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |
| Leafhoppters | Buprofezin | 275100 | 69327-76-0 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Shows promise; insect growth regulator; is compatible with biocontrol |
| Leafhoppters | Canopy Management | Poor to Good, 25-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Leafhoppters | Carbaryl | 56801 | 63-25-2 | Poor to Fair | Broadcast or aerial applied; must contact cutworms. |
| Leafhoppters | Chlorpyrifos | 59101 | 2921-88-2 | Poor, 25-60% | - Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problem |
| Leafhoppters | Diazinon | 57801 | 59928-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Leafhoppters | dimethoate | 35001 | 60-51-5 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Tolerance being revoked. |
| Leafhoppters | Endosulfan | 79401 | 115-29-7 | Fair, 60-80% | - Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problem |
| Leafhoppters | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Likely to exacerbate mite problems with repeated use. |
| Leafhoppters | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Most popular leafhopper control.Ground or aerial applied. |
| Leafhoppters | Irrigation management | ||||
| Leafhoppters | Kaolin clay | 100104 | 1332-58-7 | Fair, 60-80% | Suppressive effect; |
| Leafhoppters | Lambda-cyhalothrin | 128897 | 91465-08-6 | Good, 80-90% | Barrier treatment. |
| Leafhoppters | malathion | 57701 | 121-75-5 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Leafhoppters | Methomyl | 90301 | 27519-02-4 | Excellent, 90-100% | May combine with oil. Most effective early. |
| Leafhoppters | Parasitoid wasps * | Can play important role in IPM against leafhopper. | |||
| Leafhoppters | thiamethoxam | 60109 | 153719-23-4 | Excellent, 90-100% | Foliar formula. |
| Leafhoppters | Thiamethoxam | 60109 | 153719-23-4 | Excellent, 90-100% | Chemigation formula. |
| Leafhoppters | Zeta-cypermethrin | 129064 | Unknown | Good, 80-90% | Barrier treatment |
| Marestail/horseweed | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing |
| Marestail/horseweed | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Marestail/horseweed | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Marestail/horseweed | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Marestail/horseweed | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Marestail/horseweed | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Marestail/horseweed | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Marestail/horseweed | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | not registered and/or not effective | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Marestail/horseweed | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Marestail/horseweed | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Marestail/horseweed | Tillage | ||||
| Marestail/horseweed | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Fair, 60-80% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Mites | Abamectin | 122804 | 71751-41-2 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Mites | Bifenazate | 586 | 149877-41-8 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | |
| Mites | Dicofol (Kelthane 50WS) +horticultural oil | Fair, 60-80% | |||
| Mites | dimethoate | 35001 | 60-51-5 | Fair, 60-80% | Tolerance being revoked. |
| Mites | Endosulfan | 79401 | 115-29-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problems |
| Mites | malathion | 57701 | 121-75-5 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Mites | Methomyl | 90301 | 27519-02-4 | May combine with oil. Most effective early. | |
| Mites | Potassium laurate | 79021 | 67701-09-1 | Fair, 60-80% | Organic-approved. Also has fungicidal properties; no residual; strong odor; timing is critical. |
| Mites | Predatory mites * | ||||
| Mites | Propargite | 97601 | 2312-35-8 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Mustard | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Good, 80-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Mustard | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only. |
| Mustard | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Mustard | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Mustard | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Mustard | Flumioxazin | 129034 | 141490-50-8 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Mustard | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Mustard | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Mustard | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Mustard | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor to Fair | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Mustard | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Mustard | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Mustard | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Mustard | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Mustard | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Mustard | Tillage | ||||
| Nematode-vectored viruses | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Nematode control; may delay re-infection |
| Nematode-vectored viruses | disease-free planting material | Excellent, 90-100% | |||
| Nematode-vectored viruses | Metam Sodium | Good, 80-90% | Nematode control; may delay re-infection | ||
| Nematode-vectored viruses | Methyl bromide | 53201 | 74-83-9 | Good, 80-90% | Nematode control; may delay re-infection |
| Nematode-vectored viruses | Variety selection | ||||
| Nightshade | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Good, 80-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Nightshade | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Nightshade | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Nightshade | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Nightshade | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Nightshade | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Nightshade | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Nightshade | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Nightshade | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Nightshade | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Nightshade | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Nightshade | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Nightshade | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Nightshade | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Nightshade | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Nightshade | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Nightshade | Tillage | ||||
| Nightshade | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Nuisance pests (vinegar & fruit fly, yellowjacket) | malathion | 57701 | 121-75-5 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Phylloxera | Diazinon | 57801 | 59928-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Phylloxera | dimethoate | 35001 | 60-51-5 | Excellent, 90-100% | Tolerance being revoked. |
| Phylloxera | Endosulfan | 79401 | 115-29-7 | Fair, 60-80% | Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problems |
| Powdery mildew | Azoxystrobin | 128810 | 131860-33-8 | Good, 80-90% | Strobilurin |
| Powdery mildew | Bacillus subtilis QST-713 | 6479 | Unknown | Poor, 25-60% | Not cost-effective; takes too long to work. |
| Powdery mildew | Boscalid + Pyraclostrobin | new | |||
| Powdery mildew | Canopy Management | ||||
| Powdery mildew | copper compounds | Poor to Fair | |||
| Powdery mildew | Cull infected clusters | Not practical on commercial scale | |||
| Powdery mildew | Fenarimol | 206600 | 60168-88-9 | Good, 80-90% | Most popular DMI |
| Powdery mildew | Fertilizer management | ||||
| Powdery mildew | Gamma aminobutyric acid | Poor to Fair | |||
| Powdery mildew | Harpin Protein | 6477 | 151438-54-9 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Powdery mildew | Irrigation management | ||||
| Powdery mildew | kresoxim-methyl | 129111 | 143390-89-0 | Good, 80-90% | Strobilurin |
| Powdery mildew | Myclobutanil | 128857 | 88671-89-0 | Good, 80-90% | DMI |
| Powdery mildew | neem oil | 0 | Poor, 25-60% | Expensive, marginally effective | |
| Powdery mildew | Oils | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Cannot be applied with or within 3 wks of sulfur or when below freezing or | ||
| Powdery mildew | Potassium bicarbonate | 73508 | 298-14-6 | Poor to Fair | Organic-approved; cannot be mixed with other controls; no residual activity |
| Powdery mildew | Potassium laurate | 79021 | 67701-09-1 | Poor to Fair | Organic-approved. |
| Powdery mildew | Pruning | ||||
| Powdery mildew | quinoxyfen | 55459 | 878790-59-1 | Excellent, 90-100% | |
| Powdery mildew | Sulfur | 77501 | 7704-34-9 | Fair, 60-80% | Micronized flowable form |
| Powdery mildew | sulfur – dust | Fair to Good, 50-90% | May be linked to increased mite pressure | ||
| Powdery mildew | Tebuconazole | 128997 | 107534-96-3 | Good, 80-90% | DMI |
| Powdery mildew | Trellising | ||||
| Powdery mildew | Trifloxystrobin | 129112 | 141517-21-7 | Good, 80-90% | Strobilurin. Longest (21-day) spray interval in its class |
| Powdery mildew | triflumizole | 128879 | 68694-11-1 | Good, 80-90% | DMI |
| Powdery mildew | Variety selection | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone | ||
| Prickly lettuce | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor to Fair | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Prickly lettuce | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Prickly lettuce | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Prickly lettuce | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Prickly lettuce | Flumioxazin | 129034 | 141490-50-8 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Prickly lettuce | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Prickly lettuce | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Prickly lettuce | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Prickly lettuce | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Prickly lettuce | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Prickly lettuce | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Poor to Good, 25-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Prickly lettuce | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Prickly lettuce | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Prickly lettuce | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Prickly lettuce | Tillage | ||||
| Prickly lettuce | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Poor, 25-60% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Puncturevine | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Good, 80-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Puncturevine | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Puncturevine | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Puncturevine | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Puncturevine | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Puncturevine | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Puncturevine | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Puncturevine | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Puncturevine | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Puncturevine | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Not Used | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Puncturevine | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Puncturevine | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Puncturevine | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Puncturevine | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Puncturevine | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Puncturevine | Tillage | ||||
| Puncturevine | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Good, 80-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Redstem fillaree | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Good, 80-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Redstem fillaree | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only. |
| Redstem fillaree | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Redstem fillaree | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Redstem fillaree | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Redstem fillaree | fluazifop | 122805 | 69806-50-4 | not registered and/or not effective | Non-bearing only |
| Redstem fillaree | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. | |
| Redstem fillaree | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Redstem fillaree | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Redstem fillaree | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Good, 80-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Redstem fillaree | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Fair, 60-80% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Redstem fillaree | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Redstem fillaree | pronamide | 101701 | 23950-58-5 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; difficult to incorporate; little used. |
| Redstem fillaree | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Redstem fillaree | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Redstem fillaree | Tillage | ||||
| Redstem fillaree | Tillage | ||||
| Redstem fillaree | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Ring nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Pre-plant. Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious |
| Ring nematode | Chloropicrin + 1,3-Dichloropropene | Experiments underway in California | |||
| Ring nematode | Dominator | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Ring nematode | Fenamiphos | 100601 | 22224-92-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Registration revoked in 2007. |
| Ring nematode | Green manures | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |||
| Ring nematode | Isothiocyanate cover crops | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Research underway | ||
| Ring nematode | LCF | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Ring nematode | metham sodium | Fair, 60-80% | Most common pre-plant treatment. Less effectivet han Telone, but cheaper, safer | ||
| Ring nematode | Methyl Bromide | Good, 80-90% | No longer used. Req. covering ground w/tarps. | ||
| Ring nematode | Myrothecium verrucaria | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Post-plant. Expensive. Limited efficacy. Fungus fermentation byproduct. Low non-target toxicity | ||
| Ring nematode | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | Previous crop has important impacts | ||
| Ring nematode | Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate | 128904 | 7345-69-9 | Poor to Fair | Post-plant. Not used often. Restricted to pre-plan tor vineyards established > 1 year. |
| Rodents | Avian Predators | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Not Stand Alone Growers encourage nesting sites within the vineyard | ||
| Rodents | Zinc Phosphide | 88601 | 1314-84-7 | Only for extreme infestations | |
| Root knot nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Pre-plant. Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious |
| Root knot nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | Pre-plant. Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious |
| Root knot nematode | Chloropicrin + 1,3-Dichloropropene | Experiments underway in California | |||
| Root knot nematode | Dominator | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Root knot nematode | Fenamiphos | 100601 | 22224-92-6 | Fair, 60-80% | Registration revoked in 2007. |
| Root knot nematode | Green manures | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |||
| Root knot nematode | Isothiocyanate cover crops | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Research underway | ||
| Root knot nematode | LCF | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Root knot nematode | metham sodium | Poor to Fair | Most common pre-plant treatment. Less effectivet han Telone, but cheaper, safer | ||
| Root knot nematode | Methyl Bromide | Fair to Good, 50-90% | No longer used. Req. covering ground w/tarps. | ||
| Root knot nematode | Myrothecium verrucaria | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Post-plant. Expensive. Limited efficacy. Fungus fermentation byproduct. Low non-target toxicity | ||
| Root knot nematode | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | Previous crop has important impacts | ||
| Root knot nematode | Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate | 128904 | 7345-69-9 | Poor, 25-60% | Post-plant. Not used often. Restricted to pre-plan tor vineyards established > 1 year. |
| Root lesion nematode | 1,3-Dichloropropene | 29001 | 542-75-6 | Good, 80-90% | pre-plant, Organochlorine. Expensive, efficacious. |
| Root lesion nematode | Chloropicrin + 1,3-Dichloropropene | Experiments underway in California | |||
| Root lesion nematode | Dominator | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Root lesion nematode | Green manures | Fair to Good, 50-90% | |||
| Root lesion nematode | Isothiocyanate cover crops | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Research underway | ||
| Root lesion nematode | LCF | Fair, 60-80% | Organic, bio-nematicide. Currently in IR-4 pipeline, year 2 of 3 | ||
| Root lesion nematode | metham sodium | Poor to Fair | Most common pre-plant treatment. Less effectivet han Telone, but cheaper, safer | ||
| Root lesion nematode | Methyl Bromide | Good, 80-90% | No longer used. Req. covering ground w/tarps. | ||
| Root lesion nematode | Myrothecium verrucaria | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Post-plant. Expensive. Limited efficacy. Fungus fermentation byproduct. Low non-target toxicity | ||
| Root lesion nematode | site selection & preparation | Fair, 60-80% | Previous crop has important impacts | ||
| Root lesion nematode | Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate | 128904 | 7345-69-9 | Poor to Fair | Post-plant. Not used often. Restricted to pre-plan tor vineyards established > 1 year. |
| Rugose w d c | disease-free planting material | Excellent, 90-100% | |||
| Rugose w d c | Variety selection | ||||
| Russian thistle | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Russian thistle | Clethodim | 121011 | 99129-21-2 | Poor, 25-60% | Non-bearing only |
| Russian thistle | Dichlobenil | 27401 | 1194-65-6 | Good, 80-90% | Soil-active; not for coarse soils |
| Russian thistle | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Poor, 25-60% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Russian thistle | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | Fair, 60-80% | Opinions vary; some say moreresearch needed to determine effacacy rating. |
| Russian thistle | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Russian thistle | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Poor, 25-60% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Russian thistle | Oryzalin | 104201 | 19044-88-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; req. incorporation |
| Russian thistle | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Russian thistle | Oxyfluorfen | 111601 | 42874-03-3 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; can apply pre- or post-emergence; soil disturbance decreases efficacy. |
| Russian thistle | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Russian thistle | Pendimethalin | 108501 | 40487-42-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Requires overhead watering within 7 days. Non-bearing only. |
| Russian thistle | sethoxydim | 121001 | 74051-80-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Russian thistle | Tillage | ||||
| Russian thistle | Tillage | ||||
| Russian thistle | trifluralin | 36101 | 1582-09-8 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Applied at pre-plant; disked or tilled immediately |
| Sandbur | 2,4-D | 30019 | 2008-39-1 | Poor, 25-60% | Extreme plant injury potential |
| Sandbur | diuron | 35505 | 330-54-1 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers; low use; injury concerns |
| Sandbur | Flaming | Air quality concerns. | |||
| Sandbur | Glufosinate | 128850 | 77182-82-2 | ||
| Sandbur | glyphosate | 417300 | 1071-83-6 | Good, 80-90% | Foliar treatment. Fair or good as spring spot treatment; poor at lower rates or later in season |
| Sandbur | Napropamide | 103001 | 15299-99-7 | Good, 80-90% | Soil active; safe in sprinklering areas |
| Sandbur | Norflurazon | 105801 | 27314-13-2 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | - Soil active; not used much due to leaching and dependence upon water incorporation. Established vineyard only, not for sandy, loamy sand, or gravel soils. |
| Sandbur | Paraquat Dichloride | 61601 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Wide efficacy range because of timing (good on seedings, poor on older plants) and necessity for good coverage. Extreme plant injury potential; human health concerns |
| Sandbur | Simazine | 80807 | 39312-80-6 | Fair to Good, 50-90% | Soil active; for established vineyards; rotated with diuron or other; not for sand or gravel soils or under sprinklers |
| Sandbur | Tillage | ||||
| Scales | Carbaryl | 56801 | 63-25-2 | Poor, 25-60% | b |
| Scales | Chlorpyrifos | 59101 | 2921-88-2 | Good, 80-90% | - Broadcast ground spray; Likely to exacerbate mite problem |
| Scales | Diazinon | 57801 | 59928-80-2 | Good, 80-90% | |
| Thrips | Abamectin | 122804 | 71751-41-2 | Poor, 25-60% | |
| Thrips | Carbaryl | 56801 | 63-25-2 | Poor to Fair | Broadcast or aerial applied; must contact cutworms. |
| Thrips | Fenbutatin-oxide | 104601 | 13556-08-6 | Fair, 60-80% | |
| Thrips | Fenpropathrin | 127901 | 39515-41-8 | Good to Excellent, 80-100% | Best used as barrier spray against cutworm |
| Thrips | Imidacloprid | 129099 | 138261-41-3 | Fair, 60-80% | Ground or aerial applied. |
| Thrips | Kaolin clay | 100104 | 1332-58-7 | Fair, 60-80% | Suppressive effect; may require another control for thrips. |
| Thrips | Potassium laurate | 79021 | 67701-09-1 | Fair, 60-80% | Organic-approved. Also has fungicidal properties; no residual; strong odor; timing is critical. |
| Thrips | Spinosad | 110003 | 168316-95-8 | Poor, 25-60% |