| Extension/Outreach |
1 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Communicate to consumers and regulators that onion growers practice IPM;
explain which practices are being used. |
| Extension/Outreach |
1 |
Insects |
|
|
Invite EPA to visit onion fields in the western states to observe production practices
and pest problems. |
| Extension/Outreach |
1 |
Insects |
|
|
Educate regulators on the need for a speedy registration process. |
| Extension/Outreach |
1 |
Insects |
|
|
Educate growers and crop consultants about checking for thrips populations
relative to time of day. |
| Extension/Outreach |
1 |
Insects |
|
|
Educate growers about definition of lifting and harvest and how each relates to PHI. |
| Extension/Outreach |
1 |
Nematodes |
|
|
Develop Extension publications that highlight the latest nematode research. |
| Extension/Outreach |
1 |
Nematodes |
|
|
Promote pre-plant soil testing for nematodes. |
| Extension/Outreach |
1 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Educate growers about the use of soil testing and economic thresholds. |
| Extension/Outreach |
1 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Educate regulators on the specific disease control needs in onion production. |
| Extension/Outreach |
1 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Provide risk assessment data to EPA for reregistration purposes. |
| Extension/Outreach |
1 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Educate growers about definition of lifting and harvest and how each relates to PHI. |
| Extension/Outreach |
1 |
Weeds |
|
|
Educate growers on the risks/benefits of herbicide applications (i.e., damage from
the weeds vs. damage to the onions). |
| Extension/Outreach |
2 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Educate regulators about onion crop production operations and pest management
practices, which will help them better understand the pest management needs in
onions. |
| Extension/Outreach |
2 |
Insects |
|
|
Invite EPA to visit onion fields in the western states to observe production practices
and pest problems. |
| Extension/Outreach |
2 |
Insects |
|
|
Educate growers and crop consultants about the difference between 2ee states and
the implications. |
| Extension/Outreach |
2 |
Insects |
|
|
Educate EPA and regulators about harvest and pre-harvest activities (lifting, curing, removal from the field) and the length of time involved. |
| Extension/Outreach |
2 |
Nematodes |
|
|
Organize informational meetings for onion growers about nematodes’
biology, ecology, and management. |
| Extension/Outreach |
2 |
Nematodes |
|
|
Develop an Extension publication about the biology, ecology, and management of
nematodes in onion production. |
| Extension/Outreach |
2 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Educate EPA and regulators about harvest and pre-harvest activities (lifting, curing, removal from the field) and the length of time involved. |
| Extension/Outreach |
2 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Promote IPM and pest alerts to growers. |
| Extension/Outreach |
3 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Promote more interstate exchange of information, expertise, and personnel at the
industry, university, and state agency levels. |
| Extension/Outreach |
3 |
Insects |
|
|
Educate growers on importance of resistance management. |
| Extension/Outreach |
3 |
Insects |
|
|
Invite EPA to visit onion fields in the western states to observe production practices and pest problems. |
| Extension/Outreach |
3 |
Nematodes |
|
|
Increase grower awareness about nematode quarantine in onions. |
| Extension/Outreach |
3 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Invite EPA to visit onion fields in the western states to observe production practices and pest problems. |
| Extension/Outreach |
3 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Organize field tours with EPA to illustrate pest management needs. |
| Extension/Outreach |
4 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Educate regulators about the importance of EBDC fungicides to onion production
and why it is important to maintain their registration. |
| Extension/Outreach |
4 |
Insects |
|
|
Demonstrate to growers and crop consultants the diagnostic tools for identifying
thrips species in the field. |
| Extension/Outreach |
4 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Develop disease modeling/forecasting for Washington and integrate with regional
pest reporting networks. |
| Extension/Outreach |
5 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Organize onion field tours for regulators and policy makers to show them the field
operations used in onion production and to demonstrate why some current pest
management strategies are not working. |
| Extension/Outreach |
5 |
Insects |
|
|
Invite EPA to visit onion fields in the western states to observe production practices
and pest problems. |
| Extension/Outreach |
6 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Maintain or increase funding for Extension and research programs at land-grant
universities; recent budgetary cutbacks and personnel layoffs threaten the viability
of IPM implementation and research. Methods of dispersal of information between
publicly funded agencies and the onion industry are slowly disappearin |
| Regulatory |
1 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Encourage EPA to expedite the registration of current pesticide petitions for
acibenzolar (Actigard) for iris yellow spot virus and bacterial disease control and
the herbicides bentazon (Basagran), dimethenamid (Outlook), ethofumesate
(Nortron), flumioxazin (Valor), and fluroxypyr (Starane) for weed control. |
| Regulatory |
1 |
Insects |
|
|
Registration of alternative products such as fipronil seed treatment for control of
maggots, cyfluthrin + tebupirimphos (Aztec) for control of wireworms |
| Regulatory |
1 |
Insects |
|
|
Expedite registration of fipronil for onion maggot control. |
| Regulatory |
1 |
Insects |
|
|
Expedite registration of fipronil for onion maggot control. |
| Regulatory |
1 |
Insects |
|
|
Pursue 2ee for some of the insecticides: need standardized use across the western
states to control pests not on labels. |
| Regulatory |
1 |
Insects |
|
|
Work with EPA to change their definition of harvest. “Harvest” is when the onions are removed from the field; current EPA definition of harvest is actually what growers define as “lifting.” This is a critical issue because the definition of harvest determines PHI and, thus, which pesticides can be used when the onions are reaching maturity. |
| Regulatory |
1 |
Nematodes |
|
|
Enforce and strengthen the nematode quarantine program. |
| Regulatory |
1 |
Nematodes |
|
|
Register Inline, the drip irrigation formulation of dichloropropene + chloropicrin. |
| Regulatory |
1 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Expedite new pesticide registrations for disease control at planting. |
| Regulatory |
1 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Work with EPA to change their definition of harvest. “Harvest” is when the onions are removed from the field; current EPA definition of harvest is actually what
growers define as “lifting.” This is a critical issue because the definition of harvest determines PHI and, thus, which pesticides can be used when the onions are
reaching maturity. |
| Regulatory |
1 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Expedite registration of acibenzolar (Actigard) through the IR-4 program. |
| Regulatory |
1 |
Weeds |
|
|
Register bentazon (Basagran) for yellow nutsedge control. |
| Regulatory |
1 |
Weeds |
|
|
Expedite registration of ethofumesate (Nortron). |
| Regulatory |
1 |
Weeds |
|
|
Maintain registration of fumigants. |
| Regulatory |
2 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Establish a tracking system for new pesticide registrations indicating stage of the
registration process, enabling growers and commodity representatives to provide
input where needed. |
| Regulatory |
2 |
Insects |
|
|
Ensure that chemical companies develop, and EPA register, new products with
resistance management in mind. |
| Regulatory |
2 |
Insects |
|
|
Develop uniform protocol for phytosanitary requirements related to various pests. |
| Regulatory |
2 |
Nematodes |
|
|
Expedite the registration of methyl iodide (iodomethane/Midas). |
| Regulatory |
2 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Continue the white rot control order for Idaho and for Malheur County, Oregon. |
| Regulatory |
2 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Develop uniform protocol for phytosanitary requirements related to various pests. |
| Regulatory |
2 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Support the continued registration of EBDC fungicides. |
| Regulatory |
2 |
Weeds |
|
|
Expedite registration of dimethenamid (Outlook), flumioxazin (Valor),
ethofumesate (Nortron), and fluroxypyr (Starane). |
| Regulatory |
2 |
Weeds |
|
|
Explore the possibility of registering propachlor (Ramrod) in onions. |
| Regulatory |
2 |
Weeds |
|
|
Expand the use of soil fumigants. |
| Regulatory |
3 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Work with EPA to change their definition of harvest. Harvest is when the onions
are removed from the field; current EPA definition of harvest is actually what
growers define as “lifting.” This is a critical issue because the definition of harvest
determines PHI and, thus, which pesticides can be used when the onions are
reaching maturity. |
| Regulatory |
3 |
Insects |
|
|
Expedite registration of spinosad for control of thrips. |
| Regulatory |
3 |
Nematodes |
|
|
Begin the process for registration of fosthiazate; work with IR-4. |
| Regulatory |
3 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Continue the cull disposal order for Idaho and for Malheur County, Oregon. |
| Regulatory |
3 |
Weeds |
|
|
Expedite methyl iodide (iodomethane, Midas) registration. |
| Regulatory |
4 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Support the continued registration of EBDC fungicides. |
| Regulatory |
5 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Develop a viable system for inspecting imported onions for problem pests (e.g.,
thrips) and for illegal pesticide residues. |
| Regulatory |
6 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Be consistent in 2ee labels for all Western states growing onions. |
| Research |
1 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Investigate biology, ecology, and management of iris yellow spot virus. |
| Research |
1 |
Insects |
|
|
Identify the impacts of IPM and cultural practices on bulb mites. |
| Research |
1 |
Insects |
|
|
Research chemical, cultural, and biological controls for onion and seed corn
maggot. |
| Research |
1 |
Insects |
|
|
Screen new chemistries for thrips (seed, in-furrow, and foliar treatments). |
| Research |
1 |
Insects |
|
|
Research suppression of thrips damage on red onions (sugary scale) |
| Research |
1 |
Nematodes |
|
|
Research nematode interaction with other soilborne pathogens. |
| Research |
1 |
Nematodes |
|
|
Determine the effect of a green manure crop on nematode populations and impact
on onions. |
| Research |
1 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Develop a protocol to test soils for soilborne organisms. |
| Research |
1 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Evaluate new fungicides as in-furrow and seed treatments for control of damping
off complex and white rot diseases. |
| Research |
1 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Determine efficacy of disinfectants for management of the bacterial diseases. |
| Research |
1 |
Weeds |
|
|
Research post-emergence yellow nutsedge control. |
| Research |
1 |
Weeds |
|
|
Develop a better understanding of the effects of fumigation on weed propagules
(esp. nutsedge, quackgrass, Canada thistle, field bindweed). |
| Research |
1 |
Weeds |
|
|
Identify replacements for DCPA (Dacthal). |
| Research |
2 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Investigate biology, ecology, and management of yellow nutsedge specific to onion
production. |
| Research |
2 |
Insects |
|
|
Determine the effects of green manure crops on insect pests found in the soil prior
to planting. |
| Research |
2 |
Insects |
|
|
Identify systemic insecticides (applied at planting) that might be efficacious for
onion and western flower thrips. |
| Research |
2 |
Insects |
|
|
Evaluate thrips suppression treatments (imidacloprid, thiamethoxam) to reduce iris
yellow spot virus potential. |
| Research |
2 |
Insects |
|
|
Further research efficacy of ozone generators for control of thrips during storage. |
| Research |
2 |
Nematodes |
|
|
Explore efficacy of non-fumigant nematicides. |
| Research |
2 |
Nematodes |
|
|
Investigate efficacy of rapeseed meal as a soil amendment for nematode control. |
| Research |
2 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Establish economic impact thresholds for soilborne insects to aid in IPM decisions. |
| Research |
2 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Evaluate biopesticides for damping off complex and white rot diseases. |
| Research |
2 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Further research efficacy of ozone generators for control of diseases
during storage. |
| Research |
2 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Develop new chemistry and alternative chemistry, such as acibenzolar (Actigard),
and determine efficacy for the bacterial diseases. |
| Research |
2 |
Weeds |
|
|
Research volunteer potato management. |
| Research |
2 |
Weeds |
|
|
Determine efficacy of other pre-plant herbicide applications for nutsedge control,
e.g., fall-applied metolachlor (Dual), fallow-applied EPTC (Eptam). |
| Research |
2 |
Weeds |
|
|
Identify more effective pre-emergence herbicides. |
| Research |
3 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Identify effective control measures for onion thrips and western flower thrips. |
| Research |
3 |
Insects |
|
|
Develop a prediction model for potential for maggot damage. |
| Research |
3 |
Insects |
|
|
Develop thrips-resistant cultivars. |
| Research |
3 |
Nematodes |
|
|
Determine the impact of micro nutrient applications on nematodes. |
| Research |
3 |
Nematodes |
|
|
Explore efficacy of seed treated with nematicides. |
| Research |
3 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Research on the biology and ecology of iris yellow spot virus. |
| Research |
3 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Identify effective fungicides for control of Botrytis neck rot disease (caused by
Botrytis allii). |
| Research |
3 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Research control of neck rot |
| Research |
3 |
Weeds |
|
|
Find additional post-emergence herbicides with different modes of action. |
| Research |
3 |
Weeds |
|
|
Develop a better understanding of the effects of green manure crops on weed
propagules. |
| Research |
3 |
Weeds |
|
|
Determine efficacy and crop safety of dimethenamid-P (Outlook) when applied as a
pre-emergence herbicide. |
| Research |
4 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Screen new insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides with different modes of action
for efficacy and resistance management. |
| Research |
4 |
Insects |
|
|
Investigate weed hosts as overwintering sites for thrips. |
| Research |
4 |
Insects |
|
|
Investigate efficacy of treating storage areas for thrips control |
| Research |
4 |
Nematodes |
|
|
Develop nematode-resistant onion cultivars. |
| Research |
4 |
Nematodes |
|
|
Investigate impact of green manure crops, mustard and rapeseed meal, and
soil fertilizer on nematode populations. |
| Research |
4 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Further investigate the importance and management of seedborne diseases. |
| Research |
4 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Investigate efficacy of treating storage areas for plant pathogen management (black mold, Botrytis). |
| Research |
4 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Develop resistance management strategies for all diseases. |
| Research |
4 |
Weeds |
|
|
Find herbicides or other techniques for dodder control. |
| Research |
4 |
Weeds |
|
|
Determine the effects of crop rotation systems on weed control |
| Research |
5 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Identify new control measures for neck rot caused by Botrytis and develop a better
understanding of the biology and ecology of the disease. |
| Research |
5 |
Insects |
|
|
Investigate weed hosts as overwintering sites for thrips. |
| Research |
5 |
Insects |
|
|
Explore alternative uses for cull onions. |
| Research |
5 |
Nematodes |
|
|
Refine rate and application method of metam sodium soil fumigant. |
| Research |
5 |
Nematodes |
|
|
Develop nematode-resistant onion cultivars. |
| Research |
5 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Explore alternative uses for cull onions. |
| Research |
5 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Research the general biology, transmission vectors, and alternative hosts for iris
yellow spot virus. |
| Research |
5 |
Weeds |
|
|
Investigate effect of early-season, post-emergence weed control on onion quality. |
| Research |
6 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Identify new control measures for onion maggot and seed corn maggot. |
| Research |
6 |
Insects |
|
|
Determine which species of thrips is being affected by pesticide application; time
of day of the application and of the evaluation may be critical. |
| Research |
6 |
Nematodes |
|
|
Determine efficacy and rate of granular fumigant dazomet (Basamid). |
| Research |
6 |
Nematodes |
|
|
Evaluate the impact of sodium methyldithiocarbamate (Metam Sodium) on
nematode control. |
| Research |
6 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Research biopesticides including new alternatives such as bacteriophages. |
| Research |
6 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Investigate translucent scale of onions in storage (an abiotic condition). |
| Research |
6 |
Weeds |
|
|
Research herbicides or other techniques for late-season weed management. |
| Research |
7 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Maintain or increase funding for Extension and research programs at land-grant
universities; recent budgetary cutbacks and personnel layoffs threaten the viability
of IPM research. |
| Research |
7 |
Insects |
|
|
Evaluate rotational strategies of new pesticides and how they might fit IPM and
entire cropping system. |
| Research |
7 |
Insects |
|
|
Develop more rapid and effective diagnostic tests to quantify pest incidence in bulb onions. |
| Research |
7 |
Nematodes |
|
|
Determine the interaction of nematodes with soilborne diseases. |
| Research |
7 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Develop more rapid and effective diagnostic tests to quantify pest incidence in bulb
onions. |
| Research |
7 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Develop disease-resistant cultivars. |
| Research |
8 |
Insects |
|
|
Evaluate effectiveness of aerobic compost tea for thrips control. |
| Research |
8 |
Nematodes |
|
|
Determine the impact of lesion nematode on onions in the western United States. |
| Research |
9 |
Nematodes |
|
|
Refine use pattern and rate of methyl iodide (iodomethane, Midas) and fosthiazate. |