PMSP for Turfgrass in the Southern US

Source

Title PMSP for Turfgrass in the Southern US
PDF Document https://ipmdata.ipmcenters.org/documents/pmsps/SouthernTurfgrass.pdf
Source Type Pest Management Strategic Plans
Source Date 10/21/2004
Settings Turfgrass
Region Southern
States Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas

Executive Summary

Key Pests



PDF

https://ipmdata.ipmcenters.org/documents/pmsps/SouthernTurfgrass.pdf

Settings/Crops

Priorities

Category Rank Pest Type Pest Crop Stage Priority
Extension/Outreach 1 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Biology and control of mosses and algae.
Extension/Outreach 1 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Increased funding for educational efforts is required as funds for education in all areas is declining and a larger user group needs to be served.
Extension/Outreach 1 Insects 6- to 12-Inch Shoot The production of turf is the fastest growing agricultural related industry in the South. Continued development of research-based educational programs targeted to homeowners, schools, commercial horticulture industries, government/parks and recreation and extension personnel.
Extension/Outreach 1 Pathogens 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Better ways to communicate disease management strategies.
Extension/Outreach 2 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Develop high-quality electronic and conventional publications for ecology and biology of weeds in turfgrasses.
Extension/Outreach 2 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Researchers in the turfgrass commodity needs better access to agricultural grant programs due to the rapid expansion of the urban sector.
Extension/Outreach 2 Insects 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Education on pesticide stewardship and the reduction of unnecessary pesticide applications through research-based extension programs.
Extension/Outreach 2 Pathogens 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Fungicide resistance management.
Extension/Outreach 3 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Develop high-quality electronic and conventional publications for weed management in turfgrasses.
Extension/Outreach 3 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Development of additional distance education opportunities.
Extension/Outreach 3 Insects 6- to 12-Inch Shoot There are major needs for programs targeted towards pest management education and the funding that can support the development and delivery of those programs.
Extension/Outreach 3 Pathogens 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Disease prediction related to best management practices.
Extension/Outreach 4 6- to 12-Inch Shoot There is strong need to develop a comprehensive, college-level text-book on turfgrass pest (weeds, insects, diseases) management.
Extension/Outreach 4 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Better coordination among the disciplines in educational programs.
Extension/Outreach 5 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Conduct appropriate workshops, field days and conferences for professional turfgrass managers as well as retail professionals.
Extension/Outreach 5 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Better service for traditionally underserved audiences including non-English speaking audiences and youth education.
Regulatory 1 6- to 12-Inch Shoot More strict enforcement of existing regulations. In particular, application by non-certified applicators.
Regulatory 1 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot More thorough inspection for certification of transported turfgrass materials is required.
Regulatory 1 Insects 6- to 12-Inch Shoot A better understanding of the movement of turf pests from infested to uninfested areas in plant materials from commercial nurseries and turf farms.
Regulatory 1 Pathogens 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Regulation of soil and plant material movement related to nematodes needs improvement regarding the following pests in particular: Reniform and citrus nematodes; Soybean cyst nematode important if planning to ship into Canada.
Regulatory 2 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Require more continuing education for certified applicators.
Regulatory 2 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Enforcement of existing regulations and quarantines.
Regulatory 2 Insects 6- to 12-Inch Shoot New insecticide products, especially to address existing and potential resistance to currently registered products.
Regulatory 2 Pathogens 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Regulations among states and/or countries needs to be harmonized to streamline permit process. This is particularly important in regards to research materials.
Regulatory 3 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Greater role for regulators in education. Funding for Extension: Revision of educational criteria to encourage annual training (e.g., Georgia).
Regulatory 3 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Provide increased training opportunities and require higher educational standards for commodity inspectors.
Regulatory 3 Insects 6- to 12-Inch Shoot There is a grave need for new acaricide products to help manage the eriophyid mites in bermudagrass, zoysiagrass and buffalograss.
Regulatory 4 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Reclassification of sod production into EPA agricultural production as opposed to non-crop land. Permit use of agricultural chemical products in sod production.
Regulatory 4 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Increase numbers of well-trained inspectors.
Regulatory 4 Insects 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Stronger coordination of APHIS, the state regulatory agencies and the designated plant diagnostic laboratories for detection, identification and management of potential invasive species (e.g. fire ants).
Regulatory 5 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Consider reclassification of sod production to permit greater access to agricultural pesticide products.
Research 1 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Perennial grass control in turf.
Research 1 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot More information related to the basic biology and ecology of turfgrass pests.
Research 1 Insects 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Pest ecology, life history, behavior and host/pest associations of major pests, and all information on minor pests (eriophyid mites, ground pearls), biological control and host plant resistance.
Research 1 Pathogens 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Root health regarding fungi that are not well known (biology).
Research 2 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Weed control during establishment.
Research 2 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Better integration of pest management among disciplines.
Research 2 Insects 6- to 12-Inch Shoot There are critical gaps in knowledge of pests and their management that are needed for development of extension education pest management programs.
Research 2 Pathogens 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Interactions between pathogens including nematodes.
Research 3 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Methyl bromide alternatives.
Research 3 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Pest and pesticide resistance management (including genomics).
Research 3 Insects 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Support for efficacy trials of lower-risk insecticides/nematicides and bio-rationals to develop safer management systems.
Research 3 Pathogens 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Need for fumigation alternatives.
Research 4 6- to 12-Inch Shoot More chemical alternatives for resistance management.
Research 4 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Better integration of social sciences into turfgrass use, maintenance, etc.
Research 4 Insects 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Impact of insecticides on target, secondary and introduced pests and on beneficial organisms.
Research 4 Pathogens 6- to 12-Inch Shoot More information about soil mixes related to root health.
Research 5 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Environmental implications of herbicide resistant grass (biotech).
Research 5 Pathogens 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Cultural options for pathogen management.
Research 6 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Environmental fate of herbicides.
Research 6 Pathogens 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Disease prediction related to best management practices.
Research 7 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Biology and control of mosses and algae.
Research 8 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Postemergence control of perennial grass weeds such as nimblewill, dallisgrass, vaseygrass, torpedograss and common bermudagrass.
Research 9 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Selective control of one turfgrass species that is growing as a weed in a different turfgrass species.
Research 10 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Develop control programs for “newer” turfgrass weeds such as niruri, doveweed and lindernia (Lindernia crustacea).
Research 11 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Biology and ecology of turfgrass weeds.
Research 12 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Develop effective control programs for Virginia buttonweed, annual bluegrass, sedge and Kyllinga ssp.
Research 13 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Develop weed management strategies for herbicide-tolerant turfgrasses.
Research 14 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Develop integrated control programs to prevent the development of herbicide-resistant weeds.
Research 15 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Develop effective cultural and mechanical methods to control turfgrass weeds (i.e. non-chemical).
Research 16 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Elucidate soil parameters that influence turfgrass weed populations.
Research 17 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Document shifts in weed species that may occur due to cultural methodology, or changing herbicide use patterns and chemistries.
Research 18 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Determine invasive nature and prevent turfgrass species encroachment into native plant communities.

Chemical Controls

Fungicide

Active Ingredient Description Brands CAS PC Pests REI (hrs) PHI (days) FRAC
ethoprop 13194-48-4 41101
fenarimol 60168-88-9 206600

Herbicide

Active Ingredient Description Brands CAS PC Pests REI (hrs) PHI (days) HRAC
2,4-d dimethylamine salt 2008-39-1 30019
atrazine 1912-24-9 80803
benefin 1861-40-1 84301
bensulide 741-58-2 9801
bentazon 50723-80-3 275200
bromoxynil 1689-84-5 35301
carfentrazone-ethyl 128639-02- 128712
clopyralid 1702-17-6 117403
dicamba 1918-00-9 29801
diclofop-methyl 51338-27-3 110902
dithiopyr 97886-45-8 128994
dsma 5967-62-4 13802
ethofumesate 26225-79-6 110601
fenoxaprop 66441-23-4 128701
fluazifop 69806-50-4 122805
fluroxypyr 69377-81-7 128959
foramsulfuron 173159-57- 122020
glyphosate 1071-83-6 417300
halosulfuron 135397-30-
imazapic 104098-48- 129041
imazaquin 81335-37-7 128848
isoxaben 82558-50-7 125851
mcpp 87394-87-4 600096
metolachlor 51218-45-2 108801
metribuzin 21087-64-9 101101
metsulfuron 74223-64-6 122010
msma 2163-80-6 13803
oryzalin 19044-88-3 104201
oxadiazon 19666-30-9 109001
pendimethalin 40487-42-1 108501
prodiamine 29091-21-2 110201
pronamide 23950-58-5 101701
quinclorac 84087-01-4 128974
rimsulfuron 122931-48- 129009
sethoxydim 74051-80-2 121001
siduron 1982-49-6 35509
simazine 39312-80-6 80807
sulfosulfuron 141776-32- 85601
triclopyr 55335-06-3 116001
trifloxysulfuron-sodium 290332-10- 119009
trifluralin 1582-09-8 36101

Insecticide

Active Ingredient Description Brands CAS PC Pests REI (hrs) PHI (days) IRAC
acephate 30560-19-1 103301
bacillus thuringiensis (bt) 0
bendiocarb 22781-23-3 105201
bifenthrin 83322-02-5 128825
carbaryl 63-25-2 56801
chlorpyrifos 2921-88-2 59101
clothianidin 210880-92- 44309
cyfluthrin 68359-37-5 128831
cypermethrin 52315-07-8 109702
deltamethrin 66841-25-6 97805
dinotefuran 165252-70- 44312
fenoxycarb 79127-80-3 125301
fipronil 120068-37- 129121
halofenozide 112226-61- 121026
hydramethylnon 67485-29-4 118401
imidacloprid 138261-41- 129099
indoxacarb 173584-44- 67710
lambda-cyhalothrin 91465-08-6 128897
permethrin 52645-53-1 109701
pyriproxyfen 95737-68-1 129032
s-methoprene 65733-16-6 105402
spinosad 168316-95- 110003
trichlorfon 52-68-6 57901

Nematicide

Active Ingredient Description Brands CAS PC Pests REI (hrs) PHI (days) RAC
abamectin 71751-41-2 122804
azadirachtin 108168-76- 121701

Timelines

Chemicals JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec Comments
Ethoprop (Fungicide)
Fenarimol (Fungicide)
2,4-D dimethylamine salt (Herbicide)
Atrazine (Herbicide)
Benefin (Herbicide)
Bensulide (Herbicide)
Bentazon (Herbicide)
Bromoxynil (Herbicide)
Carfentrazone-ethyl (Herbicide)
Clopyralid (Herbicide)
Dicamba (Herbicide)
Diclofop-methyl (Herbicide)
Dithiopyr (Herbicide)
DSMA (Herbicide)
Ethofumesate (Herbicide)
Fenoxaprop (Herbicide)
Fluazifop (Herbicide)
Fluroxypyr (Herbicide)
Foramsulfuron (Herbicide)
Glyphosate (Herbicide)
Halosulfuron (Herbicide)
Imazapic (Herbicide)
Imazaquin (Herbicide)
Isoxaben (Herbicide)
mCPP (Herbicide)
Metolachlor (Herbicide)
Metribuzin (Herbicide)
Metsulfuron (Herbicide)
MSMA (Herbicide)
Oryzalin (Herbicide)
Oxadiazon (Herbicide)
Pendimethalin (Herbicide)
Prodiamine (Herbicide)
Pronamide (Herbicide)
Quinclorac (Herbicide)
Rimsulfuron (Herbicide)
Sethoxydim (Herbicide)
Siduron (Herbicide)
Simazine (Herbicide)
Sulfosulfuron (Herbicide)
Triclopyr (Herbicide)
Trifloxysulfuron-sodium (Herbicide)
Trifluralin (Herbicide)
Acephate (Insecticide)
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) (Insecticide)
Bendiocarb (Insecticide)
Bifenthrin (Insecticide)
Carbaryl (Insecticide)
Chlorpyrifos (Insecticide)
Clothianidin (Insecticide)
Cyfluthrin (Insecticide)
Cypermethrin (Insecticide)
Deltamethrin (Insecticide)
Dinotefuran (Insecticide)
Fenoxycarb (Insecticide)
Fipronil (Insecticide)
Halofenozide (Insecticide)
Hydramethylnon (Insecticide)
Imidacloprid (Insecticide)
Indoxacarb (Insecticide)
lambda-Cyhalothrin (Insecticide)
Permethrin (Insecticide)
Pyriproxyfen (Insecticide)
S-Methoprene (Insecticide)
Spinosad (Insecticide)
Trichlorfon (Insecticide)
Abamectin (Nematicide)
Azadirachtin (Nematicide)