Florida Tropical Fruit PMSP

Source

Title	Florida Tropical Fruit PMSP
PDF Document	https://ipmdata.ipmcenters.org/documents/pmsps/FLTropicalFruit.pdf
Source Type	Pest Management Strategic Plans
Source Date	03/31/2003
Settings	Avocado, Banana, Guava, Jackfruit, Kumquat, Lime, Longan, Lychee, Mango, Papaya, Passion Fruit, Pummelo, Pomelo, Sapodilla, Sapote, Mamey, Starfruit, Carambola, Sugar Apple
Region	Southern
States	Florida
Contributors	Beth Archinal, No Institute Carlos Balerdi, University of Florida Bob Benam, Mother's Nature Nursery Ray Carlyle, No Institute Jim Cartwright, Syngenta Jonathan Crane, University of Florida Rita Duncan, University of Florida Marc Ellenby, LNB Groves Nancy Epsky, USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Stuart Kester, No Institute Louise King, University of Florida Richard Lyons, Lyons & Smith Groves Harry Miller, No Institute Mark Mossler, University of Florida Norm Nesheim, University of Florida Reed Olszack, No Institute Jorge Pena, University of Florida Randy Ploetz, University of Florida Don Pybas, University of Florida Diego Rodriguez, No Institute Eugenio Tiaz, Retiro, Inc. Erik Tietig, Pine Island Nursery Michael Aerts, Florida Fruit and Vegetable Association Wilfred Burr, USDA Office of Pest Management Gail Knodel, Lime and Avocado Advisory Committee Charlie Meister, IR-4 Lora Schroeder, EPA Region IV

Executive Summary

PDF

https://ipmdata.ipmcenters.org/documents/pmsps/FLTropicalFruit.pdf

Settings/Crops

Priorities

Category	Rank	Pest Type	Pest	Crop Stage	Priority
Extension/Outreach	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Papaya: Advise growers of the effect on scales/mites when “hard” insecticides are used.
Extension/Outreach	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Avocado: Advise growers of the effect/threshold for thrips damage to blooms and subsequent fruit set.
Extension/Outreach	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Lychee: Advise growers of the effect of scales on bark health and how to sample/examine.
Extension/Outreach	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Longan: Advise growers on how to sample for scales and mites in the grove.
Extension/Outreach	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Carambola: Advise growers regarding the proper use of methidathion for scale control.
Extension/Outreach	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Guava: Present growers with a fully-integrated system for bagged white guava.
Extension/Outreach	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Banana: Educate growers on nematode and propagation sanitary practices.
Extension/Outreach	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Passionfruit: Educate growers on scouting for mites, scales, and thrips.
Extension/Outreach	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Sugar Apple: Educate growers on the encouraging IPM program with Beauveria bassiana.
Extension/Outreach	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Sapodilla: Educate growers on optimizing scale control.
Extension/Outreach	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Mango: Advise growers of the effect/threshold for thrips damage to blooms and subsequent fruit set.
Extension/Outreach	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Mamey Sapote: Educate growers on possible flower damage and reduced fruit set by mites.
Extension/Outreach	2	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Mamey Sapote: Cooperate with nursery growers to reduce scale on nursery stock.
Extension/Outreach	2	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Mango: Advise growers of the availability of materials for anthracnose and powdery mildew as well the rotational pattern with new material (azoxystrobin).
Extension/Outreach	2	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Sapodilla: Educate growers on possible flower damage and reduced fruit set by mirids.
Extension/Outreach	2	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Sugar Apple: Encourage habitat management for potential pollinators
Extension/Outreach	2	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Banana: Encourage growers to propagate or utilize tissue culture plantlets.
Extension/Outreach	2	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Guava: Cooperate with growers and USDA on a CFF eradication plan.
Extension/Outreach	2	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Carambola: Advise growers on non-bearing options for ant control.
Extension/Outreach	2	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Longan: Advise growers on how to sample for ants in the packinghouse.
Extension/Outreach	2	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Lychee: Advise growers on the method for scouting for lychee webworm.
Extension/Outreach	2	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Avocado: Present growers with a pamphlet that addresses their interest in the quarantine process.
Extension/Outreach	2	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Papaya: Advise papaya growers of the pattern for papaya fruit fly sampling (border intensive).
Extension/Outreach	3	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Papaya: Educate growers with respect to complete coverage of the papaya canopy to control mealybug.
Extension/Outreach	3	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Avocado: Educate growers with respect to rotation of fungicides to reduce the rate of resistance to strobilurins.
Extension/Outreach	3	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Lychee: Educate growers on the necessity of prophylactic timing with respect to anthracnose management.
Extension/Outreach	3	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Longan: Educate nursery growers on the proper use of mefenoxam.
Extension/Outreach	3	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Guava: Cooperate with growers on the nematode and glyphosate phytotoxicity questions.
Extension/Outreach	3	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Sapodilla: Cooperate with sapodilla growers to confirm/deny cultivar response to leaf spot damage.
Extension/Outreach	3	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Mango: Educate growers with respect to rotation of fungicides to reduce the rate of resistance to strobilurins.
Extension/Outreach	4	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Lychee: Educate growers with respect to rotation of fungicides to reduce the rate of resistance to strobilurins.
Extension/Outreach	4	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Sapodilla: Cooperate with growers and USDA on a CFF eradication plan.
Extension/Outreach	4	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Papaya: Educate growers on the management of corynespora spot and phytophthora blight control.
Extension/Outreach	5	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Papaya: Educate growers with respect to rotation of fungicides to reduce the rate of resistance to strobilurins.
Regulatory	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Mango: Register a post-harvest fungicide other than TBZ for post-harvest fungus control.
Regulatory	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Lychee: Continue the registration process for diflubenzuron, abamectin/milbemectin (at least one), methoxyfenozide, tebuconazole, cyprodinil + fludioxonil, and carfentrazone-ethyl that will also suffice for longan.
Regulatory	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Carambola: Continue the registration process for bifenthrin/deltamethrin (at least one), abamectin, mefenoxam, and carfentrazone-ethyl.
Regulatory	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Avocado: Register a fungicide other than a strobilurin (e.g., thiophanate-methyl) for rotation to reduce rate of resistance development.
Regulatory	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Guava: Continue the registration process for abamectin, buprofezin, and carfentrazone-ethyl.
Regulatory	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Banana: Continue the registration process for imidacl oprid, bifenthrin, myclobutanil, and acibenzolar.
Regulatory	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Passionfruit: Continue the registration process for abamectin, pyriproxyfen, and carfentrazone-ethyl.
Regulatory	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Sugar Apple: Register a tool for TSSM management.
Regulatory	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Sapodilla: Register copper hydroxide for sapodilla.
Regulatory	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Papaya: Register a post-harvest fungicide other than TBZ for post-harvest fungus control.
Regulatory	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Longan: Continue the lychee registration process for diflubenzuron, abamectin/milbemectin (at least one), methoxyfenozide, tebuconazole, cyprodinil + fludioxonil, and carfentrazone-ethyl that will also suffice for longan.
Regulatory	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Mamey Sapote: Continue the registration process for pyridab en and carfentrazone-ethyl on mamey sapote.
Regulatory	2	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Lychee: Add mefenoxam to the regulatory que.
Regulatory	2	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Sugar Apple: Continue registration process for carfentrazone-ethyl.
Regulatory	2	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Papaya: Continue the registration process for pyridaben, abamectin, myclobutanil and carfentrazone- ethyl.
Regulatory	2	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Sapodilla: Continue registration process for carfentrazone-ethyl.
Regulatory	2	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Guava: Register a rotational partner for azoxystrobin which may also control algal spot.
Regulatory	2	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Avocado: Register a post-harvest fungicide for stem-end complex.
Regulatory	2	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Carambola: Register an ant control compound for bearing season management.
Regulatory	2	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Mango: Continue registration process for pyridaben, tebuconazole and carfentrazone-ethyl.
Regulatory	3	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Papaya: Release of newly developed genetically-modified cultivars (when available).
Regulatory	3	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Carambola: Register a rotational partner for azoxystrobin.
Regulatory	3	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Avocado: Register injection use of fosetyl-Al for PRR control.
Regulatory	4	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Avocado: Continue registration process for abamectin/milbemectin (at least one), buprofezin, BAS 516, and carfentrazone-ethyl.
Regulatory	4	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Papaya: Registration of SAR compound if effective in virus control.
Research	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Avocado: Establish the economic threshold for thrips damage on avocado blooms.
Research	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Mango: Determine the effect of thrips feeding on bloom viability and establish the economic threshold for thrips damage on mango blooms.
Research	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Papaya: Determine the sampling/monitoring economic threshold for spider mite damage and population dynamics associated with current pest control programs.
Research	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Lychee: Investigate the corky bark complex (i.e., causal organism(s), management).
Research	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Longan: Optimize scale and mealybug control and resistance management with the newly registered materials.
Research	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Carambola: Optimize scale control and resistance management with the present and newly registered materials.
Research	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Guava: Examine efficacy of newly registered materials on mealybug and stinkbug control.
Research	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Banana: Investigate damage by cucumber beetles.
Research	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Sugar Apple: Conduct efficacy studies for ASB with insecticides and attractant.
Research	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Mamey Sapote: Examine the biology of and conduct efficacy studies for the mining scale.
Research	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Passionfruit: Investigate flower damage by thrips and fruit damage by mites and scales.
Research	1	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Sapodilla: Identify and conduct efficacy studies for the fruit flower moth complex.
Research	2	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Sapodilla: Research the etiology and epidemiology of the blister/rust disease.
Research	2	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Passionfruit: Determine efficacy of new or pending insecticides on mites, scales, and thrips.
Research	2	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Mamey Sapote: Identify, study the biology, and conduct efficacy studies for damaging leafhoppers.
Research	2	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Sugar Apple: Investigate synthetic pollination lures.
Research	2	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Carambola: Examine grove fire ant management with various bearing and non-bearing season materials.
Research	2	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Banana: Identify thrips and mealybug species that damage banana fruit.
Research	2	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Guava: Examine biology of false spider mite on guava.
Research	2	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Longan: Examine grove fire ant management with various bearing and non-bearing season materials.
Research	2	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Lychee: Examine mite population dynamics and determine thresholds.
Research	2	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Papaya: Examine scale population dynamics in relation to existing and newly registered insecticides.
Research	2	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Mango: Examine extent of white mango scale damage on mango.
Research	2	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Avocado: Examine avocado looper resistance with existing compounds and mating disruption with pheromones (if available).
Research	3	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Avocado: Study the biology/phenology of bud mite on avocado and elucidate sampling scheme for citrus red mite.
Research	3	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Mango: Determine efficacy/rotational pattern for existing/new fungicides.
Research	3	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Lychee: Determine efficacy/rotational pattern for imidacloprid and spinosad use in flower predator management.
Research	3	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Carambola: Examine flower development and identify pests that cause damage.
Research	3	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Longan: Examine mite management with those materials due to be registered on lychee.
Research	3	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Guava: Develop an integrated CFF management program.
Research	3	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Banana: Determine efficacy of new or pending insecticides on thrips and mealybugs.
Research	3	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Sugar Apple: Conduct efficacy studies for scale, mealybug, and leafhopper management.
Research	3	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Mamey Sapote: Optimize scale management with new and current tools.
Research	3	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Passionfruit: Determine efficacy of newly registered fungicides on passionfruit diseases.
Research	3	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Papaya: Determine efficacy/rotational pattern for existing fungicides as well as those that are newly registered.
Research	3	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Sapodilla: Conduct efficacy studies for the blister/rust and leaf-spotting diseases.
Research	4	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Sapodilla: Optimize scale management with new and current tools.
Research	4	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Mamey Sapote: Conduct efficacy studies for Cuban May beetle.
Research	4	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Sugar Apple: Optimize mite management with current tools.
Research	4	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Banana: Determine efficacy of new or pending fungicides on banana diseases.
Research	4	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Guava: Determine an acceptable candidate for algal spot management.
Research	4	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Longan: Determine citrus red mite biology on longan and determine the economic threshold.
Research	4	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Carambola: Optimize fruit-damaging insect control.
Research	4	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Lychee: Optimize the IGR methoxyfenozide (timing, frequency) and scout for biocontrol agents for lychee webworm.
Research	4	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Papaya: Examine papaya sensitivity to formulating agents that may be causing spray burn.
Research	4	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Mango: Examine rainfastness of available fungicides.
Research	4	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Avocado: Breed phytophthora-resistant rootstock.
Research	5	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Avocado: Investigate efficacy of carfentrazone-ethyl on problematic weed species.
Research	5	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Mango: Investigate efficacy of newly registered fungicides on key and emerging pests.
Research	5	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Papaya: Investigate potential of SAR compound (acibenzolar) on virus control.
Research	5	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Carambola: Determine optimal fungicide rotation to control sooty blotch and prevent resistance.
Research	5	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Longan: Identify a post-harvest fungicide control agent.
Research	5	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Guava: Determine optimal fungicide rotation to control anthracnose and prevent resistance.
Research	5	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Sugar Apple: Determine the casual organisms of fruit rots and spots.
Research	5	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Sapodilla: Develop an integrated CFF management program.
Research	6	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Papaya: Determine the fungicides (imazalil, OPP) other than TBZ that will control post-harvest diseases.
Research	6	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Longan: Determine a method/identify a chemical to discourage bird piercing of fruit.
Research	6	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Guava: Determine if nematode damage is cultivar-specific and construct possible mitigation plans.
Research	6	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Carambola: Determine efficacy of biological fungicides against root rot.
Research	6	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Mango: Determine the fungicides (imazalil, OPP) other than TBZ that will control post-harvest diseases.
Research	6	All		6- to 12-Inch Shoot	Avocado: Investigate efficacy of newly registered insecticides on emerging pest problems.

Chemical Controls

Fungicide

Active Ingredient	Description	Brands	CAS	PC	Pests	REI (hrs)	PHI (days)	FRAC
azoxystrobin			131860-33-	128810
benomyl			17804-35-2	99101
boscalid			188425-85-	128008
chlorothalonil			1897-45-6	81901
copper			7440-50-8	722501
copper			7440-50-8	722501
copper hydroxide			20427-59-2	23401
cyprodinil			121552-61-	288202
fenbuconazole			119611-00-	129011
ferbam			14484-64-1	34801
fludioxonil			131341-86-	71503
fosetyl-al			39148-24-8	123301
mancozeb			8018-01-7	14504
maneb			12427-38-2	14505
mefenoxam			70630-17-0	113502
myclobutanil			88671-89-0	128857
potassium bicarbonate			298-14-6	73508
pyraclostrobin			175013-18-	99100
sulfur			7704-34-9	77501
tebuconazole			107534-96-	128997
thiabendazole			148-79-8	60101
trichoderma harzianum			67892-31-3	119202
trifloxystrobin			141517-21-	129112

Herbicide

Active Ingredient	Description	Brands	CAS	PC	Pests	REI (hrs)	PHI (days)	HRAC
carfentrazone-ethyl			128639-02-	128712
diuron			330-54-1	35505
glyphosate			1071-83-6	417300
oryzalin			19044-88-3	104201
oxyfluorfen			42874-03-3	111601
paraquat			4685-14-7	61603
pelargonic acid			112-05-0	217500
sethoxydim			74051-80-2	121001

Insecticide

Active Ingredient	Description	Brands	CAS	PC	Pests	REI (hrs)	PHI (days)	IRAC
bacillus thuringiensis (bt)				0
beauveria bassiana (cas reg. no. 63428-82-0 )			63428-82-0	90305
bifenthrin			83322-02-5	128825
buprofezin			69327-76-0	275100
chlorpyrifos			2921-88-2	59101
diflubenzuron			35367-38-5	108201
fenoxycarb			79127-80-3	125301
fenpropathrin			39515-41-8	127901
hydramethylnon			67485-29-4	118401
imidacloprid			138261-41-	129099
malathion (no inert use)			121-75-5	57701
methidathion			950-37-8	100301
milbemectin (use pc code 090105)			51596-11-3	90103
novaluron			116714-46-	124002
oxamyl			23135-22-0	103801
permethrin			52645-53-1	109701
phosmet			732-11-6	59201
pymetrozine			123312-89-	101103
pyrethrins			8003-34-7	69001
pyridaben			96489-71-3	129105
pyriproxyfen			95737-68-1	129032
rotenone			83-79-4	71003
s-methoprene			65733-16-6	105402
soap			90990-14-0	79009
spinosad			168316-95-	110003
tebufenozide			112410-23-	129026
thiacloprid			111988-49-	14019
zeta-cypermethrin			Unknown	129064

Miticide

Active Ingredient	Description	Brands	CAS	PC	Pests	REI (hrs)	PHI (days)	RAC
bifenazate			149877-41-	586

Nematicide

Active Ingredient	Description	Brands	CAS	PC	Pests	REI (hrs)	PHI (days)	RAC
abamectin			71751-41-2	122804

Timelines