The Foundation for a PMSP in Almond Production

Priorities

Category Rank Pest Type Pest Crop Stage Priority
Extension/Outreach 1 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot New pest management tools as they become available.
Extension/Outreach 1 Insects Inform growers of new techniques as they are developed and become available.
Extension/Outreach 1 Insects Inform growers about use of new management tools as they become available.
Extension/Outreach 1 Insects Bed Preparation Inform growers on use of new pest management tools as they become available.
Extension/Outreach 1 Insects Bloom Educate growers in the use of new pest management tools as they become available.
Extension/Outreach 1 Nematodes 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Develop and explain economic threshold values, the value of soil monitoring, and particularly monitoring prior to making pre-plant decisions.
Extension/Outreach 1 Pathogens Bed Preparation Educate registrants on importance of SI fungicides in almond industry.
Extension/Outreach 1 Weeds Bed Preparation Continue to monitor for weed species in orchards.
Extension/Outreach 1 Weeds Bloom Continue to monitor for weed species in orchards.
Extension/Outreach 1 Wildlife 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Use of county bulletins on endangered species.
Extension/Outreach 2 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Resistance management.
Extension/Outreach 2 Insects Better communications with growers regarding new management tools as they become available.
Extension/Outreach 2 Insects Explain monitoring techniques and economic threshold calculations.
Extension/Outreach 2 Insects Bed Preparation Continue resistance management education programs.
Extension/Outreach 2 Insects Bloom Train growers to scout for hibernaculae and/or larvae for timing treatments.
Extension/Outreach 2 Nematodes 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Educate the growers on use of metam sodium.
Extension/Outreach 2 Pathogens Bed Preparation Resistance management and an understanding of what resistance is and how it occurs.
Extension/Outreach 2 Weeds Bed Preparation Educate growers on ways to control hairy fleabane (glyphosate).2
Extension/Outreach 2 Weeds Bloom Educate growers on ways to control hairy fleabane and other troublesome weeds.
Extension/Outreach 2 Wildlife 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Anti-coagulant resistant management.
Extension/Outreach 3 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Monitoring techniques, economic thresholds and proper timing of spray applications.
Extension/Outreach 3 Insects Increase awareness in resistance management practices.
Extension/Outreach 3 Insects Bed Preparation Provide guidance for proper timing of spray applications.
Extension/Outreach 3 Insects Bloom Increase awareness of leafroller complex.
Extension/Outreach 3 Nematodes 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Educate regulators on the practicality of metam buffer zones.
Extension/Outreach 3 Pathogens Bed Preparation As new products become registered, educate growers on use and availability.
Extension/Outreach 3 Weeds Bed Preparation Educate growers on use of glufosinate
Extension/Outreach 3 Weeds Bloom Educate growers on the use of glufosinate.
Extension/Outreach 3 Wildlife 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Better help to growers on long-term and continued strategy on how to control vertebrates.
Extension/Outreach 4 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Best Management Practices (BMPs) for watershed protection.
Extension/Outreach 4 Insects Inform registrants of the need for insecticides with shorter PHIs.
Extension/Outreach 4 Insects Inform growers regarding the development of parasitoid release programs, timing and numbers as this becomes refined to control NOW.
Extension/Outreach 4 Insects Bed Preparation Educate producers on dormant sampling techniques.
Extension/Outreach 4 Pathogens Bed Preparation Regional education about disease vulnerability.
Extension/Outreach 4 Weeds Bed Preparation Educate growers on the use of dormant applications of pre-emergence in nonbearing orchards.
Extension/Outreach 4 Weeds Bloom Educate growers on timing of post-emergence herbicide applications.
Extension/Outreach 4 Wildlife 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Integrated control of vertebrates (fumigants, baits, habitats etc.).
Extension/Outreach 5 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Endangered Species Act (ESA) requirements.
Extension/Outreach 5 Insects Distribute GWSS identification brochures.
Extension/Outreach 5 Insects Bed Preparation Increase awareness of leafroller complex if dormant sprays are not used.
Extension/Outreach 5 Weeds Bed Preparation Educate growers on timing of post-emergence herbicide applications.
Extension/Outreach 6 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Ensure sufficient numbers of independent pest control advisors/ extension personnel
Extension/Outreach 6 Insects Bed Preparation Educate growers on BMPs for watershed protection.
Extension/Outreach 7 Insects Bed Preparation Educate regulators on what growers are doing and how effective it is regarding BMPs.
Regulatory 1 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Allow for judicious use of OPs, particularly in non-sensitive areas, to prevent major outbreaks of primary secondary pests and exotic pests, while managing resistance.
Regulatory 1 Insects Expedite registration of imidacloprid for control of GWSS.
Regulatory 1 Insects Allow for continued judicious use of OPs to prevent major outbreaks of secondary pests.
Regulatory 1 Insects Bed Preparation Allow for continued judicious use of OPs, particularly in non-sensitive areas.
Regulatory 1 Insects Bloom Expedite registration of novel reduced risk chemistries/compounds found to be efficacious for navel orangeworm, PTB and SJS control.
Regulatory 1 Nematodes 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Orchards to be replanted to finer-textured soil need Telone II available at treatment rates as high as 67 gallons per acre. This could likely be justified by adjusting the current off- gassing model to finer-textured soil instead of just sandy loam soils.
Regulatory 1 Pathogens Effective alternatives to strobilurins for Alternaria control – triazoles (Propiconazole, tebuconazole, etc.)
Regulatory 1 Pathogens Bed Preparation Expedite registrations of methyl bromide alternatives.
Regulatory 1 Pathogens Bloom Change iprodione (Rovral) label to reflect same rates and PHI as found on other stonefruits.
Regulatory 1 Weeds Bed Preparation Water issues for simazine and other herbicides.
Regulatory 1 Wildlife 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Rodenticide use in crops. Label clarifications.
Regulatory 2 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Expedite registration of novel reduced risk chemistries/compounds found to be efficacious for navel orangeworm, PTB and SJS control.
Regulatory 2 Insects Expedite registration of novel reduced risk chemistries/compounds found to be efficacious for navel orangeworm, PTB and SJS control.
Regulatory 2 Insects Expedite registrations of emamectin benzoate and tebufenozide for PTB and NOW control.
Regulatory 2 Insects Bed Preparation Expedite registration of novel reduced risk chemistries/compounds found to be efficacious for navel orangeworm, PTB and SJS control.
Regulatory 2 Insects Bloom Expedite California registration for diflubenzuron.
Regulatory 2 Nematodes 6- to 12-Inch Shoot The requirement for surface moisture prior to Telone applications is almost unmanageable and delivery of too much deep water in the process can destroy the value of fumigation. Relief is needed here and an alternative would be to require deeper application depths (26 inches instead of 20 inches) in lieu of requiring high surface moisture.
Regulatory 2 Pathogens Bed Preparation Regulatory relief for 1,3-Dichloropropene (Telone) restrictions: Change township caps.
Regulatory 2 Pathogens Bloom Expedite registration of propiconazole, tebuconazole or other triazole registrations.
Regulatory 2 Wildlife 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Better mapping of endangered species ranges and habitats.
Regulatory 3 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Expedite registration of methoxyfenozide for control of NOW.
Regulatory 3 Insects Preserve breadth of control options to slow resistance and reduce potential for non-target excesses.
Regulatory 3 Insects Expedite registration of fipronil for ant contro
Regulatory 3 Insects Bloom Expedite California registration of methoxyfenozide (Intrepid).
Regulatory 3 Nematodes 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Relief of Telone cap regulation particularly in light of MB cancellation.
Regulatory 3 Pathogens Bed Preparation Expedite other S Inhibitors and anilino pyrimidine fungicide registrations for almonds.
Regulatory 4 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Expedite registrations of methyl bromide alternatives (including iodomethane) and provide relief from Telone restrictions including township caps, surface moisture requirements, and allow higher concentrations of Telone in finer textured soils.
Regulatory 4 Insects Expedite registration of novel reduced risk chemistries/compound s found to be efficacious for navel orangeworm, PTB and SJS control.
Regulatory 4 Nematodes 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Expedite the registration of iodomethane in CA.
Regulatory 5 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Expedite registrations of late season alternative chemistry for disease control and to manage resistance.
Regulatory 5 Insects Work with industry to determine ways of reducing PHI and REI for OPs.
Regulatory 6 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Allow for rodenticide use in crops and clarify label for such use.
Regulatory 6 Insects Air quality problems due to harvest.
Regulatory 7 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Relief from overly burdensome Endangered Species Act (ESA) requirements.
Research 1 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Identify and assess efficacy and most beneficial use patterns of novel reduced riskchemistries/compounds.
Research 1 Insects Evaluate and gray field ant as potential predators of PTB.
Research 1 Insects Determine mitigation measures necessary to allow for continued use of OPs.
Research 1 Insects Bed Preparation Determine efficacy and most beneficial use patterns for emamectin benzoate (Proclaim) for PTB control.
Research 1 Insects Bloom Identify and assess efficacy and most beneficial use patterns of novel reduced risk chemistries/compounds.
Research 1 Nematodes 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Search for resistance to ring nematode and root lesion nematode.
Research 1 Pathogens Bed Preparation Biology and disease management of almond leaf scorch.
Research 1 Pathogens Bloom Continued development of fungicide alternatives for resistance management of foliar and bloom diseases.
Research 1 Weeds Bed Preparation Continue to look at Flumioxazin (Chateau) for pre-emergence and some postemergence control of broadleaves (including fleabane).
Research 1 Wildlife 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Control of rodents in the areas of endangered species.
Research 2 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Evaluate emamectin benzoate (Proclaim), diflubenzuron (Dimilin), novaluron (Rimon) and thiacloprid (Alanto/Calypso) for rates, timing, application methods and efficacy for control of Peach twig borer (PTB), Navel orange worm (NOW) and/or San Jose scale (SJS) while considering honeybee toxicity and long-term impact on non-target invertebrates
Research 2 Insects Improve pheromone disruption programs for PTB as current methods are not cost-effective due to the long use season and high cost of pheromones.
Research 2 Insects Identify economic thresholds for PTB.
Research 2 Insects Bed Preparation Develop better sampling methods and economic threshold levels for PTB.
Research 2 Insects Bloom Evaluate emamectin benzoate, diflubenzuron and tebufenozide for rates, timing, efficacy, honeybee toxicity and long-term impact on non-target invertebrates.
Research 2 Nematodes 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Improve on the efficacy of Ditera.
Research 2 Pathogens Bed Preparation Research almond silverleaf biology and control.
Research 2 Weeds Bed Preparation Research alternatives for non-contact herbicides.
Research 2 Wildlife 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Alternatives for pocket gopher control.
Research 3 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Development of Best Management Practices (BMPs) for watershed protection
Research 3 Insects Determine most efficacious timing of Bt sprays and ways to extend residual activity to control PTB.
Research 3 Insects More widely distribute information on NOW degree-day model.
Research 3 Insects Identify and assess efficacy and most beneficial use patterns of novel reduced risk chemistries/compounds. Evaluate Soybean oil for efficacy against NOW.
Research 3 Insects Bed Preparation Further refinement of alternative chemistries: timing, rates, expectations, and efficacy.
Research 3 Insects Bloom Experiment with efficacy of summer oils for mites and scale.
Research 3 Nematodes 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Study new post-plant nematicidal agents.
Research 3 Wildlife 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Biocontrol using predators such as owls.
Research 4 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Develop economic threshold models and more refined monitoring systems for NOW
Research 4 Insects Identify and assess efficacy and most beneficial use patterns of novel reduced risk chemistries/compounds.
Research 4 Insects Determine timing of PTB generations in relation to crop susceptibility and harvest (a hull split predictive model).
Research 4 Insects Bed Preparation Refine economic threshold levels and monitoring techniques, understand importance of levels of parasitism for SJS control.
Research 4 Insects Bloom Experiment with aerial applications of new materials when soils are too wet.
Research 4 Nematodes 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Differentiate snake oils from real nematicidal agents.
Research 4 Pathogens Avoidance in Pre-Storage Expand the usage of SI fungicides for specific diseases such as Armillaria (IR-4).
Research 4 Wildlife 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Bait acceptance relative to crop maturity.
Research 5 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Study methods to improve pheromone mating disruption techniques and cost effectiveness for NOW and PTB· Develop better sampling methods
Research 5 Insects Determine proper timing, rates, and application methods for emamectin benzoate and diflubenzuron.
Research 5 Insects Study methods to improve pheromone mating disruption techniques and cost effectiveness for PTB.
Research 5 Insects Bed Preparation Improve dormant shoot sampling and cost effectiveness for SJS.
Research 5 Insects Bloom Determine role of parasites in FTLR and OBLR control.
Research 5 Nematodes 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Learn more about almond bud drop and its connection to ring nematode.
Research 5 Wildlife 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Control measures for exotic pest such as fox squirrels and rosewinged parakeet.
Research 6 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Develop better sampling methods and economic threshold levels for PTB
Research 6 Insects Modify and improve current monitoring systems and economic threshold level models for SJS.
Research 6 Insects Determine NOW response to pheromone.
Research 6 Insects 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Develop economic thresholds for brown almond and European red mites during the dormant season.
Research 6 Insects Bloom Research efficacy and timing of clothianidin and thiacloprid.
Research 6 Nematodes 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Commercial evaluations of the worth of Roundup applications for root kill.
Research 6 Wildlife 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Need to know more about vertebrate feces and what they are bringing into the orchards.
Research 7 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Determine timing of PTB generations in relation to crop susceptibility and harvest(a hull split predictive model).
Research 7 Insects Evaluate parasitism differences in SJS between northern and southern growing regions in relation to tree spacing.
Research 7 Insects Refine use of pheromone puffer dispersal systems and determine methods to allow the practice to be more cost effective.
Research 7 Insects Bed Preparation Study importance of copper as a catalyst for organophosphate degradation.
Research 7 Nematodes 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Research on Iodomethane as a MB alternative.
Research 7 Wildlife 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Vectors for diseases.
Research 8 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Economic threshold studies and monitoring methods for ants.
Research 8 Insects Study efficacy, rates, and timing of kaolin for control of SJS.
Research 8 Insects Determine if mating disruption would be efficacious for NOW.
Research 8 Insects Bed Preparation Effectiveness of parasites in different growing regions for control of soft scale.
Research 9 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Studies to better understand replant disorder, soil biology, resistance to ring nematode and root lesion nematode, and new post-plant nematicidal agents.
Research 9 Insects Research rates and dilutions of oil for SJS control.
Research 9 Insects Develop economic threshold models and more refined monitoring systems for NOW.
Research 9 Insects Bed Preparation Study basic biology of leaf roller complexes.
Research 10 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Research possible new pre-emergent herbicides.
Research 10 Insects Develop an effective monitoring system for parasitoids of SJS.
Research 10 Insects Determine efficacy, timing, and placement of boric acid for ant control.
Research 10 Insects Bed Preparation Develop effective and economical Best Management Practices (BMPs) for watershed protection.
Research 11 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Control of vertebrates, especially in the areas inhabited by endangered species.
Research 11 Insects Increase knowledge regarding resistance management.
Research 11 Insects Determine efficacy of fipronil for ant control.
Research 11 Insects Bed Preparation Identify and assess efficacy and most beneficial use patterns of novel reduced risk chemistries/compounds.
Research 12 All 6- to 12-Inch Shoot Identify an alternative to methyl bromide for use as a pre-plant fumigant and possible alternatives to phosphine for post-harvest fumigation.Top Regulatory Priorities for the almond industry:
Research 12 Insects Fine-tune rearing and release of G. legneri for control of NOW.
Research 12 Insects Bed Preparation Improve dormant season application technology.
Research 12 Insects Fall Experiment with baiting materials and the placement of baits for ants.
Research 13 Insects Economic threshold studies and monitoring methods for ants (not well developed for social insects).
Research 13 Insects Fine-tune pheromone monitoring systems for APB.
Research 14 Insects Develop egg identification system for boxelder bugs, leaffooted bugs and stink bugs.
Research 14 Insects Research needed to confirm efficacy of for control of ten- lined June beetle. Regulatory: · Allow for continued judicious use of OPs to prevent major outbreaks
Research 15 Insects Study the biology and behavior of boxelder bugs, leaffooted bugs and stink bugs.
Research 16 Insects Study biology and emergence of ten-lined June beetle.
Research 16 Insects Identify and evaluate pheromones as a monitoring tool and possible control for ten- lined June beetle.
Research 17 Insects Track glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS) expansion.
Research 18 Insects Study basic biology of GWSS, determine susceptibility of almond to infestation by GWSS and susceptibility of almond varieties to Almond Leaf Scorch.
Research 19 Insects Test efficacy of control measures for GWSS.
Research 20 Insects Determine effects of fungicides on spider mite outbreaks later in the season.