| Extension/Outreach |
1 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Educate State and Federal regulatory community. Recent EPA/CDPR tour. Real need
for season-long understanding of how management methods fit into IPM |
| Extension/Outreach |
1 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Educate local regulators with respect to proper timing of GWSS treatments. |
| Extension/Outreach |
1 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Understanding of impact of invasive pests |
| Extension/Outreach |
1 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Educate citrus industry re Citrus IPM: new insecticides/proper use & compatibility with
IPM. pH education for Success and Veratran. Need to keep Success above 6 pH and
acidify Veratran to 4.5 pH. Need to not treat flower thrips population, easily confused
with citrus thrips. Education re: managing pesticide resistance, in general, and
withholding unnecessary treatments. Unlikely to have new insecticides registered.
Scarring related to pest damage. Late season applications of pesticides for red scale
are not very effective because you have multiple stages and overlapping generations. |
| Extension/Outreach |
1 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Continue existing educational programs. Includes mobile lab, book on GWSS (update),
grower seminars. |
| Extension/Outreach |
1 |
Insects |
|
|
Pesticide resistance issues: New products such as Success, Admire, and Esteem are
heavily relied upon for citrus thrips, GWSS, and red scale, respectively. This will
eventually lead to resistance. Growers need to be taught to rotate chemistries and use
nonchemical methods to reduce the rate of resistance development. In particular,
Admire & Esteem/tank mixing/GWSS treatments. |
| Extension/Outreach |
1 |
Insects |
|
|
Late season applications of pesticides for red scale are not very effective because you
have multiple stages and overlapping generations. |
| Extension/Outreach |
1 |
Insects |
|
Rosette |
Continue existing educational programs, including mobile lab, citrus industry booklet
on GWSS (update), and grower seminars. |
| Extension/Outreach |
1 |
Insects |
|
Seed Maturation |
Education of registrants as to the need for ant bait stations. Need for more cost-effective
bait stations |
| Extension/Outreach |
1 |
Insects |
|
Stem Elongation To Full Branching |
Educate growers as to pH requirement when using Success and Veratran. Need to keep
Success above 6 pH and acidify Veratran to 4.5 pH. |
| Extension/Outreach |
1 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Irrigation: Alternate row middle irrigation |
| Extension/Outreach |
1 |
Pathogens |
|
Bloom |
Need for instructional video detailing proper post-harvest handling of fruit. Focus on
prevention of injuries, temperature management, treatments, washes, etc. |
| Extension/Outreach |
1 |
Weeds |
|
|
Reduce weeds. When preparing for the frost season, weed growth should be minimized.
The application of preemergence herbicides in the fall will prevent the emergence of
winter weeds; post emergence herbicide applications will eliminate established weed
growth. Disking the orchard floor to eliminate weeds should be avoided in the fall
because nighttime temperatures tend to be lower on disked ground compared to nondisturbed
soil on a cold night. |
| Extension/Outreach |
1 |
Weeds |
|
|
Citrus IPM Manual needs to be updated, especially in the weed section. Add updated
UC IPM Guidelines weed control to Citrus IPM Manual. |
| Extension/Outreach |
1 |
Weeds |
|
Rosette |
Citrus IPM Manual needs to be updated, especially in the weed section. |
| Extension/Outreach |
1 |
Weeds |
|
Seed Maturation |
New, onerous restrictions on chemigation. |
| Extension/Outreach |
2 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Methyl salicylate and temperature: Need research on driving bean thrips from navel
oranges. |
| Extension/Outreach |
2 |
Insects |
|
|
Overuse of insecticides when they are not needed because the pests are below an
economic threshold. |
| Extension/Outreach |
2 |
Insects |
|
Rosette |
Educate regulatory community. Recent EPA/CDPR citrus tour, as an example. |
| Extension/Outreach |
2 |
Insects |
|
Stem Elongation To Full Branching |
Need to avoid treating populations of flower thrips; they are easily confused with citrus
thrips. |
| Extension/Outreach |
2 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Resistance management when same tools become available for both pre and post harvest
use. (Tear stain) |
| Extension/Outreach |
2 |
Pathogens |
|
Bloom |
Need for educational materials (for packing house managers and crew) re: use of new
materials and strategies for resistance management, overuse, rotation of chemistries,
etc. |
| Extension/Outreach |
2 |
Weeds |
|
|
Pictures need to be included of various stages of weed development for each
species. Need to characterize the cost/benefit of weed control. |
| Extension/Outreach |
2 |
Weeds |
|
Rosette |
Pictures need to be included. |
| Extension/Outreach |
3 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Need weed identification/Citrus IPM Manual needs to be updated. Pictures need to be
included. |
| Extension/Outreach |
3 |
Insects |
|
Rosette |
Need better understanding of the impact of invasive pests |
| Extension/Outreach |
3 |
Insects |
|
Stem Elongation To Full Branching |
Educate growers regarding managing pesticide resistance, in general, and withholding
unnecessary treatments. Unlikely to have new insecticides registered. |
| Extension/Outreach |
3 |
Pathogens |
|
Bloom |
Need for growers continued education on the value of use of PGRs on lemons to delay
senescence/color in order to better respond to market supply and demand. |
| Extension/Outreach |
3 |
Weeds |
|
|
Educate on mitigation of groundwater and other off-target effects of herbicides.
?? |
| Extension/Outreach |
4 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Education of registrants as to the need for ant bait stations. |
| Extension/Outreach |
4 |
Insects |
|
Rosette |
Educate regulators with respect to the proper timing of GWSS treatments. |
| Extension/Outreach |
4 |
Insects |
|
Stem Elongation To Full Branching |
Educate growers regarding timing of use of Glyphosate. |
| Extension/Outreach |
4 |
Weeds |
|
|
New application technologies. |
| Extension/Outreach |
5 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Chemigation-examine new restrictions associated with chemigation. |
| Extension/Outreach |
5 |
Insects |
|
Rosette |
Educate citrus industry regarding new insecticides and their proper use and
compatibility with existing Integrated Pest Management Programs. |
| Extension/Outreach |
5 |
Weeds |
|
|
Use of mulches as a weed suppressant (possible insect control as side benefit) |
| Extension/Outreach |
6 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Timing of Glyphosate use. |
| Regulatory |
1 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Codex MRLs for all markets: Assail, Esteem, Applaud, Provado, Baythroid, Danitol,
Success. Expedite registration of Platinum for GWSS. Need to change Japanese MRL
to Codex MRL for Lorsban. |
| Regulatory |
1 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Quarantine issues: GWSS issues for harvest and movement. |
| Regulatory |
1 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Need registration of ant bait stations. What is the holdup? |
| Regulatory |
1 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Registration of alternative products for resistance management of citrus thrips, CA red
scale, silver/rust mite. |
| Regulatory |
1 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Regulations governing movement of exotic pests need to be strengthened. |
| Regulatory |
1 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Expedite the registrations of three new active ingredients for post-harvest fungicides. |
| Regulatory |
1 |
Insects |
|
|
REIs need to be equal to, or shorter than, PHIs. |
| Regulatory |
1 |
Insects |
|
Rosette |
There is a need for Codex MRLs for insecticides for all foreign markets: (examples
include: Assail, Esteem, Applaud, Provado, Baythroid, Danitol, Success) |
| Regulatory |
1 |
Insects |
|
Stem Elongation To Full Branching |
Obtain Section 18 for Micromite for grasshopper and citrus leafminer. |
| Regulatory |
1 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Need expedited registration of Pyrimethanil, Fludioxinil, and Azoxystrobin
Guazatine materials have multiple active isomers which EPA has made difficult to
register (need toxicity data for each a.i. within each product). Not cost effective for
registrant to conduct studies. Places U.S. growers at a competitive disadvantage. |
| Regulatory |
1 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Expedite registration of Topsin (expected by 2006) |
| Regulatory |
1 |
Weeds |
|
|
Impact of regulations surrounding ground and surface water runoff. Great need for
consistency between agencies at all levels, i.e. county, state, and federal. |
| Regulatory |
1 |
Weeds |
|
Rosette |
Impact of regulations surrounding ground and surface water runoff. Great need for
consistency between agencies at all levels, i.e. county, state, and federal. |
| Regulatory |
1 |
Weeds |
|
Seed Maturation |
Need new products. |
| Regulatory |
2 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Applaud 60 day PHI is problem. Cannot be used for Valencias. Good IPM tool, need
shorter PHI so it can be more effectively used. |
| Regulatory |
2 |
Insects |
|
|
Need to change Japanese MRL to Codex MRL for Lorsban. |
| Regulatory |
2 |
Insects |
|
Rosette |
Allow orchard floor uses of ant controls as an incentive for broader registrations (in
an attempt to get exemption from tolerance) |
| Regulatory |
2 |
Insects |
|
Seed Maturation |
There is a need for more realistic label restrictions relating to bees. See “bee
language” on both the Success and Agri-mek labels. |
| Regulatory |
2 |
Insects |
|
Seed Maturation |
There is a need for registration of ant bait stations and pesticides that might be used
in them. |
| Regulatory |
2 |
Weeds |
|
|
Register additional (newer) herbicides. |
| Regulatory |
3 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Impact of ground and surface water runoff. Need consistency between agencies
(counties, state, Fed) |
| Regulatory |
3 |
Insects |
|
Rosette |
Expedite registration of Platinum for GWSS |
| Regulatory |
4 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Realistic label restrictions relating to bees (see Success/Agrimek labels). |
| Regulatory |
4 |
Insects |
|
Rosette |
The PHI for Applaud is 60 days thus making it unusable on Valencias. Applaud is a
good IPM tool. There is a need for a shorter PHI to make this available to growers. |
| Regulatory |
5 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Obtain Section 18 for Micromite for grasshopper and citrus leafminer |
| Regulatory |
5 |
Insects |
|
Rosette |
Quarantine issues: GWSS issues for harvest and movement and protection from
invasive pests. |
| Regulatory |
6 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
REIs need to be equal to, or shorter than, PHIs. |
| Research |
1 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Overall objective to develop an economical and effective integrated program that
maximizes biological control and minimizes non-selective insecticides. |
| Research |
1 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Need better understanding of the impact of the GWSS suppression program on natural
enemies. Research winter/fall treatments for GWSS vs. Spring treatments (which is the
least disruptive). Search for GWSS treatments that are compatible w/ IPM. |
| Research |
1 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Develop economical and practical ant control systems that work on sugar-feeding ants
(Argentine and native gray ants) in order to improve biological control of various pests.
(Problems associated with bait stations: economics, regulatory issues. |
| Research |
1 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Continue research efforts on biological control of newly introduced pests such as GWSS,
citrus peelminer and citrus leafminer (not yet in SJ Valley that we know of but is
predicted) as well as, established pests such as citricola scale. |
| Research |
1 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Continue research efforts on biological control of newly introduced pests such as GWSS,
citrus peelminer and citrus leafminer (not yet in SJ Valley that we know of but is
predicted) as well as, established pests such as citricola scale. |
| Research |
1 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Pesticide Resistance issues: red scale (Esteem), GWSS (Admire), and citrus thrips
(Success). New insecticides for citrus thrips and red scale will be needed. |
| Research |
1 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Develop alternative quarantine treatments. |
| Research |
1 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Continue research on pre-bloom, bloom, petal fall and/or June drop foliar applications of
PGRs [2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,-dichlorophenoxyproprionic acid (2,4-
DP), 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyloxyacetic acid (3,5,6-TPA), gibberellic acid (GA3), 6-
benzoyladenine (BA), N-(2-cloro-4-pyridinyl)-N-phenylurea (CPPU), aminoethoxyvinylglycine
(AVG)] for improving fruit set and size of mandarins, maximum peel
thickness foliar PGR applications for increasing fruit size [2,4-DP), 3,5,6-trichloro-
2pyridyloxyacetic acid (3,5,6-TPA), gibberellic acid (GA3), 6-benzoyladenine (BA), N-2-
cloro-4-pyridinyl)-N-phenylurea (CPPU)] to increase fruit size, and Preharvest foliar
applications to prevent Preharvest fruit drop and improve fruit quality of late harvested
fruit [gibberellic acid (GA3), 6-benzoyladenine (BA), N-(2-cloro-4-pyridinyl)-N-phenylurea
(CPPU), aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG)]. |
| Research |
1 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Need to test the efficacy of non-toxic bee repellents or inhibitors of pollen germination
and pollen tube growth to reduce seediness of mandarins. |
| Research |
1 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Pre-plant fumigants for those citrus replants where pre-plant fumigation is really needed.
Current products of interest include methyl iodide and sodium azide. |
| Research |
1 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Field evaluation of new post-plant nematicides. |
| Research |
1 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Post-plant nematicide rotation procedures that ensure continued performance of new
products that are under study (avoid increased product degradation over time). |
| Research |
1 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Citrus Bud Mite is the number one problem in the coast region. There is the need for a
non-oil dependent control, which is compatible with biological controls. |
| Research |
1 |
Insects |
|
|
Continued research on management tactics for citrus peelminer |
| Research |
1 |
Insects |
|
|
Continued research on monitoring and methods to reduce levels of bean thrips in export
shipments, post harvest controls. |
| Research |
1 |
Insects |
|
Rosette |
Need a better understanding of the impact of the GWSS program on natural
enemies. |
| Research |
1 |
Insects |
|
Seed Maturation |
Continue research to develop improved ant control systems or bait stations. Bait
stations are needed for sugar-feeding ants (Argentine and native gray ants). There
are problems associated with bait stations, i.e. economics and regulatory issues. |
| Research |
1 |
Insects |
|
Stem Elongation To Full Branching |
Establish economic thresholds for citrus thrips with new and/or selective materials. |
| Research |
1 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Resistance management tools ranging from sanitation to residual fungicides with new
modes of action. |
| Research |
1 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Biological & chemical controls for Armillaria (tree injections) |
| Research |
1 |
Weeds |
|
|
Weeds may serve as host for Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter (GWSS) nymphs to
complete life cycle in the second generation. |
| Research |
1 |
Weeds |
|
Rosette |
Weeds may serve as host for Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter (GWSS) nymphs to
complete their life cycle in the second generation. |
| Research |
2 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Need to investigate Evergreen, ozone, methyl salicylate and temperature on bean thrips
survival. Evergreen and ozone to kill |
| Research |
2 |
Insects |
|
|
Efficacy of late fall, winter, early spring treatments for GWSS and impact on natural
enemies. |
| Research |
2 |
Insects |
|
|
More research on selective citricola scale treatments |
| Research |
2 |
Insects |
|
Rosette |
Research winter/fall treatments for GWSS vs. spring treatments (level of disruption of
natural enemies). |
| Research |
2 |
Insects |
|
Seed Maturation |
There is a need to better understand endemic biological control of katydids and what
materials cause disruption. |
| Research |
2 |
Insects |
|
Stem Elongation To Full Branching |
Need to determine resistance levels in thrips for new products. |
| Research |
2 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Need for more research on Septoria and effective treatments. |
| Research |
2 |
Pathogens |
|
Bloom |
Support registration of Pyrimethanil (Janssen – registrant): For Penicillium decays. |
| Research |
2 |
Weeds |
|
|
Weeds serve as hosts for beet leafhoppers who transmit “stubborn” disease |
| Research |
2 |
Weeds |
|
Rosette |
Weeds serve as hosts for beet leafhoppers who transmit “stubborn” disease |
| Research |
2 |
Weeds |
|
Seed Maturation |
Need to find effective pre or post emergent herbicide for use on Malva. |
| Research |
3 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Cutworm indigenous biological control |
| Research |
3 |
Insects |
|
|
Research on pesticide resistance in red scale (Esteem) |
| Research |
3 |
Insects |
|
Rosette |
Find GWSS treatments that are more compatible with IPM. |
| Research |
3 |
Insects |
|
Seed Maturation |
Need to test the efficacy of non-toxic bee repellents or inhibitors of pollen germination
and pollen tube growth to reduce seediness of mandarins. |
| Research |
3 |
Insects |
|
Stem Elongation To Full Branching |
Need for new insecticides to control citrus thrips. |
| Research |
3 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Support registration of Fludioxinil (Syngenta): For Penicillium decays. |
| Research |
3 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Birming/Mounding and its effectiveness |
| Research |
3 |
Weeds |
|
|
Vegetation on the orchard floor during the frost season adds to the risk of frost
damage; this vegetation may be in the form of weed species or a seeded cover crop.Dense stands of vegetation pose a greater risk of lowering nighttime temperatures.
Where cover cropping is practices, planting in late fall (November) reduces the risk
because of minimal growth of the cover during the frost season. |
| Research |
3 |
Weeds |
|
Rosette |
Vegetation on the orchard floor during the frost season adds to the risk of frost
damage; this vegetation may be in the form of weed species or a seeded cover crop.
Dense stands of vegetation pose a greater risk of lowering nighttime temperatures.
Where cover cropping is practiced, planting in late fall (November) reduces the risk
because of minimal growth of the cover during the frost season. |
| Research |
3 |
Weeds |
|
Seed Maturation |
Bloom sprays for mandarins (thinning and fruit set sprays, PGRs). |
| Research |
4 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Continue research to establish thresholds for treatment requirements. Threshold for
GWSS is zero in the eyes of the grape growers. |
| Research |
4 |
Insects |
|
Rosette |
Cutworm indigenous biological control |
| Research |
4 |
Insects |
|
Stem Elongation To Full Branching |
Need research on control measures for earwigs and/or other sporadic pests that emerge,
i.e. grasshoppers, etc. |
| Research |
4 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Need for further basic research on the biology and epidemiology of dry root rot. Specifically,
predisposition factors that lead towards disease. |
| Research |
4 |
Pathogens |
|
Bloom |
Support registration of Azoxystrobin (Syngenta): For penicillium decays. |
| Research |
4 |
Weeds |
|
|
More research on cover crops (need to identify species and mixtures of species and
consequences of their use). Study should include an economic analysis of the cost
of potential additional water and nutrient needs and impacts on frost hazard |
| Research |
4 |
Weeds |
|
Rosette |
Emerging weed problems include flax leaf fleabane, malva, and common groundsel,
which are becoming more of a problem in the San Joaquin Valley. |
| Research |
4 |
Weeds |
|
Seed Maturation |
Need to test the efficacy of non-toxic bee repellents or inhibitors of pollen germination
and pollen tube growth to reduce seediness of mandarins. |
| Research |
5 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Need to better understand endemic biological control of katydids and what materials
cause disruption. |
| Research |
5 |
Insects |
|
Rosette |
Continue research efforts on biological control of GWSS, citrus peelminer and citrus
leafminer. (citrus leafminer has not yet been detected in the San Joaquin Valley but is
predicted to be here soo |
| Research |
5 |
Pathogens |
|
|
Resistance management when same tools become available for both pre and post harvest
use. Example: Tear stain. |
| Research |
5 |
Pathogens |
|
Bloom |
New strategies for Sour Rot control (other countries have residual fungicides available
for use that are not available in US). Guazatine materials have multiple active
ingredients which EPA has made difficult to register (need tox. Data for each a.i. within
each product). Not cost effective for registrant to conduct studies |
| Research |
5 |
Weeds |
|
|
Research newer herbicides which are generally used at lower rates. |
| Research |
6 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Need to find effective, pre or post emergent herbicide on malva. |
| Research |
6 |
Insects |
|
Rosette |
Continue research to establish thresholds for GWSS treatment requirements.
Population threshold for GWSS is zero in the eyes of the grape growers. |
| Research |
6 |
Weeds |
|
|
Weed resistance. Which species to what chemicals? |
| Research |
7 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Economic thresholds for citrus thrips with new and/or selective materials. |
| Research |
7 |
Insects |
|
Rosette |
Citricola Scale (biology and control) |
| Research |
7 |
Weeds |
|
|
Cost benefit of weed control. |
| Research |
8 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Need for new insecticides for citrus thrips. |
| Research |
8 |
Insects |
|
Rosette |
Argentine Ant (control) |
| Research |
8 |
Weeds |
|
|
New application technologies in citrus. |
| Research |
9 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Need research on control measures for earwigs and/or other sporadic pests that
emerge, i.e. grasshoppers, etc. |
| Research |
9 |
Insects |
|
Rosette |
Citrus Bud Mite (control) |
| Research |
10 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
More research
controls. |
| Research |
10 |
Insects |
|
Rosette |
Non target organism effects (infertility, repellency) of new chemistries on beneficial
insects |
| Research |
10 |
Weeds |
|
|
Use of mulches as a weed suppressant (possible insect control as side benefit) |
| Research |
11 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
More research into rootstocks which are truly resistant to aggressive biotypes of citrus
nematodes. |
| Research |
12 |
All |
|
6- to 12-Inch Shoot |
Coordinated effort to rotate citrus ground to avoid aggressive biotypes of citrus
nematode.
|